Estridentism
Stridentism ( English Stridentism ) is the German derivation of the Spanish term Estridentismo that for the avant-garde and interdisciplinary artistic movement in Mexico during the Mexican Revolution is, and directly involved in the founding of the artists' group "Los Estridentistas" on December 31, 1921 in Mexico City in Related.
The term is derived from the Spanish word "estridente", which can be translated with the German words "gellend" , "grell" or "schrill" ; “Los Estridentistas” means something like “The Shrill” .
history
After the revolution entered a new phase after the murder of Zapata by the Carranza regime in 1919 and Obregón's takeover of power in 1920, some avant-garde artists living in exile came back to Mexico and decided to found a local association in Mexico City. Founding members of the Estridentistas were the artists Manuel Maples Arce , Fermín Revueltas Sánchez , Leopoldo Méndez and Germán Cueto . Names like Diego Rivera , Marius de Zayas , David Alfaro Siqueiros , José Juan Tablada were among the first members. On April 12, 1924, a secret gathering took place in the “Café de Nadie”, in which avant-garde artists from other parts of the world who were in Mexico also took part. In 1925 the police stormed the "Café de Nadie", where the "Estridentistas" met. Part of the Estridentist core emigrated to the cities of Xalapa , Veracruz and other parts of Mexico, others to Paris in France , to New York City in the United States and other countries. In 1926, the Estridentism movement was officially welcomed at the national student congress, the Congreso Nacional de Estudiantes . In 1927 the core of the Estridentistas who worked in Veracruz was followed by the police, which is why the majority had to leave the city. From 1929 to 1930 some of the members went to Paris and took part in the activities of the local artists' association “ Cercle et Carré ”. When they emigrated to the United States in 1930, Leopoldo Méndez and Germán List Arzubide left the group. In 1932 Germán Cueto, who had been in Paris since 1927, and Arqueles Vela returned to Mexico City from there. In 1936 the core members dedicated one of their works to the Bando Republicano from the Spanish Civil War . In the same year Antonin Artaud carried out actions calling for an improvement in theater pedagogy , which made the topic the subject of a debate at the Mexican Congress.
distribution
In addition to the grouping around Maples Arces in Mexico City, there were other local Estridentist groups. In Guatemala , David Vela , Miguel Angel Asturias and others formed a group that among other things published the magazine "Etcétera" ( Latin for "et cetera" ). In the state of Puebla , a militant following of Spanish Ultraism (Ultraísmo) around Germán List Arzubide, Miguel Aguillón Guzmán and Salvador Gallardo took on the Estonian ideas and published the magazines "Ser" (Eng .: "His" ), "Vincit" and " Azulejos " out. The first generation Estridentists in Veracruz published the “Horizonte” there. The second generation magazine in Veracruz was published under the title “Semáforo” (German: “Signal” ) and the third, under the direction of List Arzubide and Méndez, was called “Norte” (German: “North” ). Other Estonian associations were in Guadalajara and Sinaloa .
Since the 1920s , numerous artists as well as artist associations and movements have been influenced by Estridentism, since the 1930s there have been entire generations of writers and poets who wrote with a significantly more social accent due to the Estonian influence. These elements still shape Mexican literature today and were the prerequisite for the influence of aesthetics and today's political attitudes.
An end to the Estridentism movement cannot be set in time. In the 1980s and 1990s, authors were still publishing in the Estonian style. Groups like the "suuAuuu", the "Motor" and others saw themselves as heirs of Estridentism.
Well-known "Estridentistas"
- multidisciplinary artists: Germán Cueto , Luis Quintanilla , Gaston Dinner , Jean Charlot , Luis Ordaz Rocha
- Poets: Manuel Maples Arce , Germán List Arzubide , Salvador Gallardo , Humberto Rivas
- Writers and journalists: Arqueles Vela , Luis Marín Loya , Febronio Ortega , Armando Zegrí
- Visual artists: Jean Charlot , Ramón Alva de la Canal , Fermín Revueltas , Leopoldo Méndez , Guillermo Ruiz , Emilio Amero
- Photographers: Edward Weston , Tina Modotti
- Musicians: Ángel Salas , Silvestre Revueltas
Trivia
During the 1980s there was a Mexican rock band from Mexico City under the name “Café de Nadie” who combined Estonian texts with their rock music.
Web links
swell
- ^ Academia de Artes: Escultura - Federico Canessi