Evelina Haverfield

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Evelina Haverfield

Evelina Haverfield (born August 9, 1867 in Inverlochy Castle , Scotland , † March 21, 1920 in Bajina Bašta , Serbia ) was a British suffragette and relief worker. At the beginning of the 20th century she was involved in the women's rights movement and was involved in Emmeline Pankhurst's radical organization Women's Social and Political Union . During the First World War she worked as a nurse in the Kingdom of Serbia .

Early life

Haverfield was born Evelina Scarlett in Inverlochy Castle, Kingussie , Scotland in 1867 . She was the third daughter of William Scarlett, 3rd Baron Abinger , and his wife Helen, who was the daughter of a Commodore in the United States Navy . She spent part of her childhood in London and part of the family's country estate in Scotland. From 1880 on she went to school in Düsseldorf . At the age of 19, she married in Kensington , London, on February 10, 1887, the 39-year-old Major of the Royal Artillery Henry Haverfield. The couple lived in Dorset. The marriage resulted in the two sons John and Brook. Brook later emigrated to Canada , John was killed in World War I in 1915. Henry Haverfield died after eight years of marriage.

Haverfield led a lifestyle that was unusual for women at the time, including cycling. After four years of widowhood, in 1899 she married another artillery major, John Balguy, a friend of her late husband. The ceremony took place in Caundle Marsh, a hamlet in Dorset. A month after the wedding, Evelina resumed her first husband's name and continued to live at her home in Sherborne . During the Second Boer War , she traveled to South Africa to support her husband, who was stationed there . She enjoyed being involved in the military and took part in shooting training. During the two years she spent there, she initiated a supply camp for injured horses whose fate would have been death on the battlefield.

Fight for women's suffrage

Haverfield began to show an interest in politics, first joining the moderate groups advocating women's suffrage . After participating in a demonstration at the Royal Albert Hall in 1908, she began supporting the more militant suffragettes and became a member of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU). She participated in numerous protests and was arrested by the police several times for disturbing the peace and assaulting her.

In 1909 Haverfield took part in the Bill of Rights March, in which members of the Emmeline Pankhurst- led WSPU tried to break into the House of Commons . They were stopped by police and more than 100 women were arrested, including Haverfield. She was arrested on November 18, 1910 after slapping a policeman on the mouth. The indictment said that she said, “It wasn't firm enough. Next time I'll bring a revolver. ”In 1911 she was one of around 200 women arrested in London for breaking windows and damaging government buildings during a protest march. Haverfield's role in this march was to disrupt the cordon of mounted policemen .

From 1911 she lived with Vera Holme .

In April 1914 she left the main organization of the WSPU and became active with Sylvia Pankhurst's East London Federation of the WSPU .

First World War

When World War I broke out, Haverfield wondered how women would react if the UK were invaded. She founded the Women's Emergency Corps . In 1915 she went abroad as a volunteer for Scottish Women's Hospital and was a nurse with Elsie Inglis in Serbia. After the German invasion, she was forced to leave Serbia in early 1916. Haverfield returned to England and represented the Serbian position in press interviews. In August 1916, at Inglis' request, she went to Dobruja in Romania . With Flora Sandes she founded the Hon. Evelina Haverfield's and Sert-Major Flora Sandes' Fund for Promoting Comforts for Serbian Soldiers and Prisoners and returned to Serbia after the armistice. From September 1919 she headed an orphanage there before she died of pneumonia in 1920 . She was buried in Bajina Bašta , where a street and in 1929 a polyclinic were named after her. The Serbian government posthumously awarded her the Order of the White Eagle .

Web links

supporting documents

  1. ^ Bernard Burke, Charles Harry Clinton Pirie-Gordon: Genealogical and heraldic history of the landed gentry: founded by the late Sir Bernard Burke ( English ), 15th edition, Volume 1, Shaw, 1937, p. 90.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Elizabeth Crawford: Haverfield, Evelina (1867–1920). In: Henry Colin Gray Matthew, Brian Harrison (Eds.): Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , from the earliest times to the year 2000 (ODNB). Oxford University Press, Oxford 2004, ISBN 0-19-861411-X , ( oxforddnb.com license required ), as of January 2011
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Elizabeth Crawford: The women's suffrage movement: a reference guide, 1866-1928 ( English ). Routledge , 2001, ISBN 0-415-23926-5 , pp. 279-280.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j Boyce Gaddes: The Life of Evelina Haverfield ( English ) FirstWorldWar.com. August 22, 2009. Retrieved February 23, 2010.
  5. ↑ Women Smash London Windows (English) , The New York Times . November 22, 1911. Retrieved February 23, 2010. 
  6. ↑ A Great Loss (English) , The Globe . March 16, 1920. Retrieved February 23, 2010. 
  7. ^ Bernard A. Cook: Haverfield, Evelina (1867-1920) . In: Women and war: a historical encyclopedia from antiquity to the present ( English ), Volume Volume 1. ABC-CLIO, 2006, ISBN 978-1-85109-770-8 , p. 277.
personal data
SURNAME Haverfield, Evelina
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Scarlett, Evelina
BRIEF DESCRIPTION British suffragette
DATE OF BIRTH August 9, 1867
PLACE OF BIRTH Inverlochy Castle , Kingussie , Scotland
DATE OF DEATH March 21, 1920
Place of death Bajina Bašta , Serbia