Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research

International accelerator facility for research with antiprotons and ions FAIR
FAIR - Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH
English name	Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (orig.)
status	under construction
Seat of the organs	Darmstadt
Chair	Professor Dr. Paolo Giubellino (Scientific Director) Dr. Ulrich Breuer (administrative management) Jörg Blaurock (technical management)
Member States	9 :  Germany Finland France India Poland Romania Russia Sweden Slovenia
Associate members	2: Associated: United Kingdom Aspirant Partner: Czech Republic
Official and working languages	German English
founding	2003 (October 4, 2010)
fair-center.de

The shareholders of FAIR GmbH

The international particle accelerator facility FAIR ( English Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research , facility for research with antiprotons and ions' ) is a research institute for physical basic research . It is being built in Darmstadt in the immediate vicinity of the GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research and is supported by the Federal Republic of Germany and European and non-European partner countries.

purpose

Aerial view of the construction site; the round main accelerator ring is easy to see

The facility is intended to provide new insights into the structure of matter and the development of the universe. Research fields are the core - hadrons - and particle physics , the nuclear - and antimatter physics , the plasma physics and applications in materials science , the biology and biomedicine . The FAIR project is divided into buildings, accelerators, and scientific experiments and detectors. The originally estimated cost of 1.357 billion euros (2005 price level) was intended to cover construction, accelerators and a third of the experiments. In 2018 the Federal Audit Office found that the costs of FAIR had risen to 1.669 billion euros (2005 prices). Another report by the Federal Court of Auditors in 2019 stated that a "recently appointed commission of experts (...) assumed additional requirements and cost risks of EUR 850 million" (prices from 2019).

Accelerators and Experiments

and display information about the image

The FAIR construction site in March 2013 as seen from the eastern edge of the GSI site. On the left the area of ​​the future heavy ion accelerator SIS100, in the middle of the picture two rotary drilling rigs (each weighing approx. 100 t) for drilling the approx. 1400 to 65 meter long, approx. 1.2 m thick bored piles , on the right of the picture the place where the Experimental facilities and other accelerators are set up

The accelerators and other facilities

The heart of the new facility is a double ring accelerator (heavy ion synchrotron SIS100 / SIS300) with a circumference of 1.1 kilometers. The system has a total of 3.5 kilometers of beam guidance and eight accelerator and storage rings . All elements from hydrogen to uranium can be accelerated in the system. Secondary rays from antiprotons and rare isotopes can also be generated. The most important for this is the superconducting fragment separator ( Super-FRS ).

The existing GSI accelerators will continue to be used as pre-accelerators.

The structure of the FAIR accelerator system is divided into the following areas:

• SIS 100 ( ring accelerator and synchrotron )
• HEBT (high energy beam guidance system )
• Superconducting Fragment Separator ( Super-FRS )
• p-Linac ( linear accelerator for protons )
• p-bar (target and separator for antiprotons )
• HESR (high energy storage ring )
• CR ( Collector Ring : Synchrotron and Storage Ring )

Further accelerator rings (e.g. SIS 300) are planned in expansion stages.

Scientific experiments

FAIR comprises four scientific programs:

• Antiproton annihilation in Darmstadt (PANDA)
• Atomic and Plasma Physics and Applications (APPA)
• Nuclear Structure, Astrophysics and Reactions (NUSTAR)
• Compressed Baryonic Matter (CBM)

Construction in facts and figures

The installation of the international research project FAIR is planned by the "ARGE ion-42", an architectural association made up of DGI Bauwerk and schneider + schumacher .

The project includes:

• 20 ha area, surrounding area of ​​development plan 686,373 m³
• 158,661 m² gross floor area
• 2 million m³ earth moving
• 600,000 m³ of concrete
• 65,000 tons of steel
• 30,000 m² of green roofs
• 60,000 m² of vegetation on pitched roofs

On July 4, 2017, the groundbreaking ceremony for the construction of the large ring accelerator SIS 100, the heart of the future accelerator facility and the large branch building, in which the beam feed, as well as coupling and decoupling in the SIS 100 and in the other accelerators and outlets, took place on the northeast construction site. Experiments will be run.

history

Since it was foreseeable that in a few years the research possibilities of the GSI with the existing accelerator facility would be exhausted, the scientific users of the GSI developed a concept for an "international accelerator center for research with ion and antiproton beams" which is connected to the existing facility.

In spring 2003 the Federal Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF ) decided to follow the recommendation of the Science Council and to build the new accelerator center together with international partners.

In the following years until February 2007, the governments of China , Germany , Finland , France , Greece , India , Italy , Austria , Poland , Romania , Russia , Sweden , Spain and Great Britain signed a Memorandum of Understanding as the basis for international cooperation during the preparatory phase.

In 2006 the technical plans were published.

On November 7, 2007, Germany, the federal state of Hesse , Finland, France, Great Britain, Austria, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden and Spain signed the FAIR communiqué for the official start of the FAIR project. In the document, the signatories declared, among other things, their intention to “start the first construction phase of FAIR with the available budget to be agreed by the partner countries” and “jointly secure the financing of the operation of FAIR”. At this point in time, completion was planned for 2015/2016, with the first experiments planned from 2012.

On October 4, 2010, the representatives of Germany, Finland, France, India, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovenia and Sweden signed an international law agreement at Biebrich Castle in Wiesbaden , which established FAIR as a new research center. At the same time, the international FAIR GmbH (Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH) was founded, which FAIR will build and operate. In December 2011, the preparation of the construction site began. For this purpose, 20 hectares of forest east of the GSI were cleared and the topsoil removed in 2011/2012 and the following winter. It is stored on the ground storage areas nearby and later used again to plant the plant. In addition, forestry and ecological compensation measures were started and continued.

In March 2013, the first of a total of 1,350 bored piles was set to stabilize the subsoil, as it mainly consists of a mixture of sand, silt and clays. The bored piles are connected to the floor slabs (coupled pile foundation) and are intended to ensure that the heavy buildings are only slightly and above all evenly settled. The bored pile work was completed in June 2014.

In 2014 construction delays and additional costs for the construction of the plant became apparent. Tests by several independent expert groups, for example a group headed by CERN General Director Rolf-Dieter Heuer , confirmed the scientific performance of FAIR. The Heuer Commission assessed the performance of the four collaborations differently in light of the delays, which led to discussions about possible downsizing of the scientific program.

In September 2015, the FAIR shareholders' meeting (council), in which the partner countries are represented, confirmed their goal of setting up the FAIR project to the extent agreed in the international treaty and bearing the additional costs. At the same time, 1.262 billion euros (price level 2005) was set as the upper cost limit, plus 95 million euros (price level 2005) caused by the conditions at the location and borne by Germany. In 2010 costs of 1.022 billion euros (plus 95 million euros, beam operation from 2018) were agreed. Originally (2005) only costs of 700 million euros were planned.

According to the planning status of 2018, 80 percent of the experiments should run in 2023, and the plant should be in full operation by 2025.

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  FAIR construction site panorama (April 2018)

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  Start of construction on the building for proton generation and the transfer area from GSI (SIS18) to FAIR (SIS100)

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  Start of construction on the SIS100 and on the large intersection building for several beam paths

Partner countries, European science programs

3,000 scientists from more than 50 countries are already planning experiments and accelerators. The shareholders of FAIR GmbH are Germany , Finland , France , India , Poland , Romania , Russia , Sweden and Slovenia . Great Britain is an associate member . The Republic of the Czech Republic was accepted as an aspirant partner in 2018 .

FAIR is included in Europe's research timetable for large-scale equipment, the roadmap of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI). The Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC) recommends FAIR as a project that can best develop nuclear physics in Europe over the coming decade.

Web links

Commons : Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research  - collection of images, videos and audio files

• FAIR website

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} Management of GSI and FAIR. Retrieved January 20, 2020 . 
2. ↑ New director at the accelerator center. In: pro-physik.de. September 22, 2016, accessed January 21, 2020 . 
3. ↑ GSI Helmholtz Center for Heavy Ion Research: Dr. Ulrich Breuer is the new Administrative Director of GSI and FAIR. March 16, 2020, accessed June 16, 2020 . 
4. ↑ Markus Bernards: Jörg Blaurock is the new Technical Director of the particle accelerators FAIR and GSI. Press release. In: idw-online.de. February 12, 2016, accessed January 21, 2010 . 
5. ↑ By founding FAIR GmbH and signing a contract under international law, see What is FAIR? In: fair-center.de. Retrieved December 12, 2018 . 
6. ↑ ^{a b} Resolution of the FAIR shareholders' meeting. (No longer available online.) In: fair-center.de. October 22, 2015, archived from the original on November 17, 2015 ; accessed on June 8, 2020 . 
7. ↑ 2018 Report - Construction of the "FAIR" accelerator complex in Darmstadt - Current status and risks of the FAIR project after the start of construction (from December 18, 2018, accessed on January 25, 2020)
8. ↑ Gz .: III 2 - 2019 - 0581 / report (long version, pdf, from August 28, 2019, accessed on January 25, 2020)
9. ↑ PANDA collaboration (in English)
10. ↑ APPA collaborations (in English)
11. ↑ NUSTAR collaboration (in English)
12. ↑ CBM collaboration (in English)
13. ↑ www.dgi-bauwerk.de/
14. ↑ project. FAIR - INTERNATIONAL ACCELERATOR SYSTEM. FOR RESEARCH WITH ANTIPROTONS AND IONS. Retrieved December 11, 2018 . 
15. ↑ Press release on the open day on May 9, 2017
16. ↑ FAIR - Baseline technical report. Executive summary. In: inis.iaea.org. 2006, accessed on September 6, 2019 . 
17. ↑ FAIR attracts scientists from all over the world to Darmstadt. Financing concept for the start-up version of the FAIR accelerator facility is in place. In: Press release 224/2007. Federal Ministry of Education and Research , November 7, 2007, archived from the original on December 3, 2013 ; Retrieved July 9, 2016 . 
18. ↑ Starting shot for the international accelerator center FAIR at GSI: start of construction planned for 2008. In: gsi.de. November 7, 2007, accessed June 8, 2018 . 
19. ^ Starting shot for the FAIR research center in Darmstadt. (PDF; 110 kB) Nine partner countries sign international agreement. In: press release 174/2010. Federal Ministry of Education and Research , November 7, 2007, archived from the original on December 2, 2013 ; Retrieved July 9, 2016 . 
20. ^ Wording of the FAIR Convention, Federal Foreign Office
21. ↑ Environmental compensation. (No longer available online.) In: fair-center.de. Archived from the original on February 24, 2013 ; accessed on May 16, 2019 . 
22. ↑ Setting the first bored pile with rotary drilling machines , YouTube video
23. ↑ Darmstadt - Problems with "Fair". In: fr.de. April 6, 2015, accessed September 14, 2018 . 
24. ↑ Prof. Dr. Rolf Heuer et al .: Recommendations by the International Review Committee for the FAIR Project concerning the ranking of the science pillars (pdf). April 16, 2015, accessed December 1, 2016 . 
25. ↑ Physik Journal :: Antiprotons under fire :: pro-physik.de. In: www.pro-physik.de. Retrieved December 1, 2016 . 
26. ↑ Marlene Weiss: Expensive Research - Be devoured, billions. In: sueddeutsche.de. January 21, 2011, accessed October 16, 2018 . 
27. ↑ Czech Republic joins FAIR as an “aspirant partner” on www.gsi.de from April 2, 2019; accessed on August 20, 2019
28. ↑ ESFRI Strategy Report and Roadmap Update 2010 (PDF; 8.5 MB) ESFRI research plan
29. ↑ NuPECC website
30. ↑ NuPECC Long Range Plan 2010 - Recommendations and Roadmap (PDF; 948 kB) Recommendations of the NuPECC

Coordinates: 49 ° 55 '59 "  N , 8 ° 41' 6.1"  E