Driving regulations

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The driving service regulation is the basic set of rules for the implementation of rail operations on public railways . Driving service, formerly also known as external operations service , includes all activities that are directly related to the handling of train and shunting trips .

Germany

There are currently two different driving regulations in Germany - the "Fahrdienstvorschrift der DB Netz AG" ( FV-DB , also Ril 408 ) published by the Deutsche Bahn (DB Netz ) and the "Fahrdienstvorschrift für nichtbundeseigenbahn" (Driving regulations for non-federal railways ) published by the Association of German Transport Companies ( FV-NE ). Since DB Netz AG can also explain the application of the FV-NE on some of its routes, there is the Ril 438 of DB Netz AG, the content of which corresponds to the FV-NE.

development

The driving regulations in Germany are based on the railway building and operating regulations and were first published in 1907. After 1945 until the merger of the Deutsche Bundesbahn (DB) and the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) on January 1, 1994 to form a federal company or state-owned company organized under private law, their regulations developed differently in West and East Germany. The two sets of rules of the State Railways East and West were basically the same, but sometimes very different in the details of the explanations. The identification of the two regulations was also different from 1979:

  • former DB: DS 408 (DS = publication)
  • former DR: DV 408 (DV = service regulation)

Since the GDR only knew state-owned railways, there were no regulations corresponding to the FV-NE in the East German federal states before 1990. The FV-NE is published by the Association of German Transport Companies, but has the legal status of a regulation due to the official introduction by the transport ministries of individual federal states. In contrast, the DB Netz guideline 408 has the legal status of recognized rules of technology .

Consolidation into a uniform guideline for Deutsche Bahn

After the merger of the state railways into a federal company organized under private law or the state group Deutsche Bahn, there were several updates aimed at approximating the two provisions of DB and DR. In 1998 a driving service regulation was published for the first time, some of which was uniform. Regulations that only applied to the area of ​​the former DB were printed on red paper, regulations that only affected the new federal states were printed on green paper.

From the year 2000 there was only one uniform group guideline , now under the title Trains Driving and Shunting , which became a guideline on December 10, 2006. With the omission of the term regulation, all paragraphs have also been removed. The guideline has since been divided into module groups .

Renaming and adaptation to TSI rules

With the timetable change on December 13, 2015, Ril 408 came into force as a new edition. Since then it has again been called the driving service regulation , precisely “DB Netz AG driving service regulation”.

At the same time, it was restructured according to the specifications of the TSI "Traffic Operation and Control". It is now thematically divided into rules for users of the railway infrastructure companies , interface rules for users in the railway companies and shunting. This breaks with the long tradition of combining all rules in one document, but is required by the EU directives 2006/920 / EC and 2008/231 / EC ( TSI operation ). These require the railway undertaking to draw up a document called a driver's book in which the driver can read all the rules that apply to him when performing his duties. The new division also corresponds better to the business interests of DB Netz, which regards the provision of services by its employees as internal processes and does not want to publish the applicable rules, but only wants to document the interfaces necessary for cooperation with network users.

Future further development of the driving regulations

Since the introduction of free network access to railways in Germany, there has been an increasing number of trains being transferred between DB infrastructures and non-federal railways. The coexistence of different operating procedures with similar regulatory content, but differences in the details (e.g. train control / train reporting operation DB and train control / train reporting operation FV-NE) therefore no longer appears desirable, especially since the train crew in particular has to be trained and checked for each operating procedure which it is to be used. The rules of the DB Netz and the FV-NE are therefore to be combined into a common driving service regulation for Germany. Since 2001, a set of rules with the working title Instructions for Driving Operations (AnFab) has been developed.

Differences between FV-DB and FV-NE

The driving regulations for non-federally owned railways are in many places considerably less detailed than the driving regulations of DB Netz AG and more often give the respective railway operations manager (EBL) the possibility of changing or adding to the regulations individually and adapting them to the circumstances in his railway company. In this way, the FV-NE takes into account the strongly diverging local conditions and the overall less extensive technical equipment level of the infrastructure at the non-federally owned railway companies. The regulations made by the EBL are made known to the network users in a collection of operational regulations (SbV). The counterpart to the SbV in the area of ​​the FV-DB are the local additions (ÖZ), until 2015 local guidelines (ÖRil). Examples of SbV and ÖZ regulations are measures in the event of inclines, regulations for maneuvering (e.g. prohibition of pushing wagons), implementation of the train preparation report, code letters used in the direction indicator Zs 2.

The FV-NE only applies to branch lines . Infrastructure companies with main lines or particularly extensive track systems (e.g. the Hamburg port railway ) therefore typically declare Ril 408 to be applicable instead.

Example: Shunting service in FV-DB and FV-NE

The rules for shunting are largely standardized between the two regulations. Nevertheless, there are some material differences. Both regulations know the term construction track. When a locked track for construction track is explained, under both provisions is the consequence of that is no longer the rules on blocking rides , but those are to be applied over shunting. Until December 2015, however, the speed was only limited to 20 km / h under the Ril 408 (instead of 25 km / h when shunting). The same applies to maneuvering with announcement of the clear route. With this procedure, the maneuvering speed can be increased from 25 to 40 km / h. Ril 408 states the requirements for this. Under FV-NE, however, the requirements for this higher speed must be determined by the EBL.

In accordance with the greater importance of shifting (i.e. moving wagons by human power or maneuvering aids) in NE railways, the FV-NE specifies stricter regulations for this maneuvering movement. On the other hand, the rules for pushing off and walking are comparatively easier. Under FV-NE, these shunting movements are in principle permitted on all tracks , unless they are subject to the catalog in Section 56 (1) or the EBL has explicitly prohibited them on the track in question. Under Ril 408, on the other hand, both movements are fundamentally forbidden, unless the tracks are explicitly approved for this in the opening hours. The number of axles that can be pushed off or allowed to run down without an operated handbrake is currently also not standardized. Under FV-NE, this is 2 more wheelsets than in the area of ​​Ril 408.

The transition without stopping a shunting run to a train journey or vice versa is also made easier in the FV-NE. In particular, with the FV-NE, no main signal is necessary in both directions .

Availability

The driving regulations of the state railways were previously only available for internal business use and were not allowed to be passed on to people outside the railways. However, since knowledge of the regulations of the driving service regulation is a network access criterion for DB Netz and this must be made available to all railway companies , it can now be downloaded from the DB Netz homepage .

The FV-NE and the current correction can be obtained in printed form from Flöttmann-Verlag.

Switzerland

The Swiss Driving Service Regulations (FDV) were revised in some points on July 1, 2016 and are usually reissued annually.

The regulations are structured similar to a code of law. The general rules are always mentioned first before more specific rules are discussed. Often, however, the specifications in the FDV are not final, but depending on the situation, leave the precise design in the form of additions or even substitute regulations to the respective railway undertakings (RU) or infrastructure operators (IM), provided that this does not reduce the level of safety.

Therefore, in addition to the FDV, there are also the so-called implementing provisions for infrastructure (AB-I) and operating regulations for traffic (BV). The SBB Infra example, have their AB-I, together with the BLS and the SOB worked out. While the FDV are printed on white paper, the AB-I of SBB, BLS and SOB are printed on green paper. The operating regulations for traffic are issued by the respective RU and regulate the regulations on driving the trains. They therefore relate very specifically to the respective RU and the vehicles and specialties served by the RU, while the FDV is kept very general and mandatory for all Swiss railways.

The FDV is divided into a total of 15 sections:

  1. General
  2. Signals
  3. Orders and submission
  4. Shunting movements
  5. Train preparation
  6. Train rides
  7. Train control
  8. Occupational safety
  9. Disruptions
  10. Forms
  11. Switching and earthing of contact lines
  12. Working in the track area
  13. Train driver
  14. Brakes
  15. Special forms of operation

The driving regulations for Swiss railways can be downloaded from the website of the Federal Office of Transport.

Poland

While the Deutsche Bahn AG issued guideline 408 "Trains run and shunt", the Polskie Koleje Państwowe use two regulations at this point:

  1. the instruction for the execution of train journeys - “Instrukcja o prowadzeniu ruchu pociagów” ​​Ir-1 (R-1) of July 17, 2007 and
  2. the instruction on the technique of shunting work - "Instrukcja o technice pracy manewrowej" Ir-9 (R-34) from March 1st, 2005.

Instruction Ir-1 (R-1) contains 83 paragraphs in twelve chapters as well as three appendices and nine appendices. Four written commands are used:

  • Command "O" (travel at reduced speed or on sight)
  • Command "S" (travel over stop showing or invalid signals)
  • Command "N" (travel on the left track)
  • Command "Nrob" (single-track makeshift operation)

Instruction Ir-9 (R-34) contains 29 paragraphs in four chapters and three appendices. In addition to the red, yellow, green and white signal colors used exclusively by DB AG, the PKP use blue as an additional signal color for light signals: stop for shunting trips.

The valid signals of the PKP SA are, as with the DB AG, regulated in a separate regulation: in the instruction of the signaling "Instrukcja sygnalizacji" Ie-1 (E-1) , the Polish signal book .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Derailment of the D 203 in the Brühl station on February 6, 2000. Investigation report. Federal Railway Office , April 20, 2000, p. 6 , accessed on August 3, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Erhard Metzdorf, Matthias Tropf: New edition of guideline 408 - driving service regulation of DB Netz AG . In: The Railway Engineer . tape 65 , no. 1 , 2016, ISSN  0013-2810 , p. 54-55 .
  3. ^ The instructions for driving ( Memento from February 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive ), p. 2
  4. ↑ Ril 408.0821 Section 5, since December 2015 Ril 408.4814 Section 5
  5. ↑ FV-NE §52 (2)
  6. ↑ FV-NE §60 compared to Ril 408.0901 section 1, from December 2015 Ril 408.4812 sections 1 and 2