Broumovské stěny
| Broumovské stěny (Falcon Mountains) | ||
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| Highest peak | Božanovský Špičák ( 773 m nm ) | |
| location | Czech Republic | |
| part of | Sudeten | |
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| Coordinates | 50 ° 32 ' N , 16 ° 19' E | |
The Broumovské stěny (German Falkengebirge , also Braunau walls ; Sterngebirge ) is a rocky mountain ridge in Okres Náchod in the Czech Republic. It belongs to the middle Sudetes , has an area of 638 hectares and has been a nature reserve since 1956. The area is located about four kilometers west of the city of Broumov . The Heuscheuergebirge and the Waldenburger Bergland connect to the southeast and northwest .
The rocks are made of ashlar sandstones from the Cretaceous period and form a natural border between the Politzo and the Broumovská kotlina . The slopes are gently sloping towards the Politzer Basin ( Polická pánev ). In the northeast, the rocks are steep and reach heights of up to 300 meters.
geology
The northern half of Broumovské stěny appears as a simple and narrow asymmetrical ridge that slopes down slightly from the dominant Honský špičák ( Hutberg , 652 m above sea level) in the southeast via Strážná hora (688 m above sea level) and Loučná hora (647 m above sea level) Level at Slavný passes. At the highest elevations, the walls are steep and overhanging, some up to fifty meters high. In between there are some long rock canons . In some boulders there are also caves through which underground streams flow. In the north-eastern part the slopes are broken by gorges, but not as long as in the north itself due to the steep walls. There are also numerous caves here, of which the Pod Luciferem ( Under Lucifer ) is the longest and largest in the region at 395 meters .
The southern half of the rocky landscape from the Slavný village to the Machovský kříž ( Stone Cross ) plateau in the southeast has a more demanding morphology . Due to the influence of numerous tectonic faults, this terrain has the appearance of rambling sandstone surfaces, interrupted by reliefs. In the southeast is the largest plain Signál (708 m above sea level), steeply sloping to the Židovky plain and to the sources of the Bělský potok . The edges and surfaces of the plains form diversely shaped weathered sandstone rocks in the form of rock cities.
The Božanovský Špičák plain ( Barzdorf Spitzberg , 773 m above sea level) is the highest part of the nature park. It consists mostly of weathered rocks that were also modeled by gravitational influences. The plain is known for numerous mushrooms and rock bowls.
The last structural level is the sandstone plateau between the hills Velké kupy ( Wiesenkoppe , 708 m above sea level) and Koruny ( Ringelkoppe , 769 m above sea level). There are steep slopes above Broumovská kotlina and caves that have partially collapsed.
In petrological - tectonic contexts the Broumovské are Stěny part of the region of Innersudetischen sink . The main part of the rocks comes from the middle Turonian ( Jizera Formation ), which is lithofacially included in the Bohemian Chalk Basin. In its southeasternmost tip between Machov ( Machau ) and Žďárky ( Kleinbrand ) sandstones of the lower Turonian and the even older Cenomanian ( Bílá-Hora Formation and Peruc-Korycany Formation ) occur. The visible sandstone rocks lie on arkose sandstones and conglomerates of the Upper Devonian and early Permian . Only in places on the western edge of the area are there Triassic sandstones, which, like the permocarbon layers, also belong to the sediment sequence of the Inner Sudetian Depression.
flora
The forests of Broumovské stěny are pure mixed forests. Similar to Adersbach-Weckelsdorfer Felsenstadt they are a broad and vegetatively diverse whole, but often with different types of vegetation. A large part is overgrown with beeches Azidophilus and with flower landscapes. Especially on the steep slopes in the northeast there are numerous beech forests, some with very old trees. Blackberries ( Vaccinium myrtillus ), lingonberries ( Rhodococcus vitis-idaea ), heather ( Calluna vulgaris ) and reeds ( Calamagrostis villosa ) in more humid areas grow in the acidic soils . In the ravines and in the damp, stony scree areas, stem-encompassing knot-foot ( Streptopus amplexifolius ), dog- foot ( Lycopodium annotinum ), pine moss ( Huperzia selago ) and shield fern ( Dryopteris expansa ) occur.
Fescue ( Festuca altissima ), ringlet ( Mercurialis perennis ), meadow rennet ( Galium odoratum ) and forest barley ( Hordelymus europaeus ) are characteristic of flowering beech forests . More rarely come lilies ( Lilium martagon ), tooth root ( Dentaria enneaphyllos ) and onion Toothwort ( Dentaria bulbifera before). On the cliffs there is rarely occurring ferns ( Polystichum aculeatum ) and in the area of sources sedge ( Carex pendula ). In the shrubs growing areas honeysuckle ( Lonicera nigra ), septic Beerbaum ( Frangula alnus ), daphne ( Daphne mezereum ) and the rarely occurring Mountain Rose ( Rosa pendulina ).
fauna
Twenty-seven of the 54 mammals found in the Czech Republic are found in this region. The field mouse ( Apodemus agrarius ) and shrew ( Sorex alpinus ) are rather rare . In the Božanov area you can see dormice ( glis glis ). However, there is also a lot of game in the nature park, especially red and black deer. Badger ( Meles meles ) and red fox ( Vulpes vulpes ) as well as other small game find ideal hunting grounds in the inaccessible gorges . The relatively low level of visitor disturbance provides ideal nesting for the birds, which include the raven ( Corvus corax ) and eagle owl ( Bubo bubo ) as well as the pygmy owl ( Glaucidium passerinum ) and the rough owl ( Aegolius funereus ).
Numerous small animals also live in the leafy forests, which are not affected by environmental influences.
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tourism
The area is well developed through numerous hiking trails. The hills offer a good view of the Giant Mountains , Eagle Mountains , Owl Mountains , Habelschwerdter Mountains , Glatzer Snow Mountains and Jeseníky Mountains .
The watershed between the North Sea and the Baltic Sea runs through the reserve .
Web links
- Site about the region (Czech)
- Photo gallery
see also the list of nature reserves in the Czech Republic
Individual evidence
- ↑ M. Vejlupek et al .: Geologická mapa CR. List 04-33 Náchod . Ústřední ústav geologický, 1990