Color-retaining preservation method
In the preparation technique, color-retaining preservation is understood to be a fixation that either preserves the colors almost lifelike or restores the colors almost lifelike after fixation.
Methods for wet preparations
The solutions according to Jores, Kaiserling and Romhányi are common to fix moist specimens in such a way that they retain their color. These fixing solutions use a fixing solution (I solution), a restitution solution for color restoration, and a storage solution (II solution). In addition, countless modifications of these solutions have been developed, for example the Romhányi solution according to SCHMIDT, which - in contrast to the original solution - no longer contains highly toxic nicotine .
Jores solution
The Jores solution was described by Leonhard Jores in 1896 and is one of the most common fixing solutions for moist preparations today .
Jores-I solution
| 1000 ml of distilled water 50–115 g Carlsbad salt |
It is important to ensure that the preparations do not remain in the fixing solution for too long, as they can lose their color here too. The color is restored by soaking with tap water (approx. 6 to 10 hours).
Jores II solution
| 1000 ml of distilled water 200 ml glycerin |
Kaiserling solution
The Kaiserling solution is just as common in anatomy as the Jores solution. It was first described by Johann Carl Kaiserling in 1896.
Kaiserling I solution
|
Organs rich in fat and blood |
All other organs |
|---|---|
|
4000 ml distilled water |
4000 ml distilled water |
Minimum times for fixation:
| organ | time |
|---|---|
| Stomach and intestines | 6 to 24 hours |
| bone | 24 to 36 hours |
| Kidneys and heart | 2 to 4 days |
| Lungs and spleen | 4 to 6 days |
| Liver and brain | 12 days |
The color restoration takes place in 80% ethanol and should continue until the colors stand out most strongly after they have been rinsed off with tap water. However, the organs should not remain in ethanol for more than 6 hours. After removal from the ethanol, the organs are briefly rinsed again.
Kasierling II solution
|
Solution A for blood-rich organs: |
Solution B for hard organs: * |
|---|---|
| 9000 ml of distilled water 200 g potassium acetate |
9000 ml of distilled water 600 g potassium acetate |
Romhányi solution
The Romhányi solution is actually a preservation solution or storage solution, which means that the organ is only preserved in its original form. A fixation can be carried out with this solution by adding formalin to the recipe. The color restoration (hemochromogen reaction) can even be carried out with this solution with material that has been fixed in formalin for years. The original solution contains highly toxic nicotine, which could be replaced by modification. This modified solution is composed as follows:
| 1000 ml of distilled water 30 ml formalin (concentrated) |
In principle (with all of the solutions mentioned above), the whereabouts of the finished preparations require monitoring, as they must not fall dry. In addition, the solution must be changed if it changes color. The specimens are mounted in a specimen glass or specimen box for display .
Methods for whole corpses
In order to preserve the color of whole corpses , so-called salt fixations are currently common. These consist mostly of glycerine, ethanol and salt. In order to continue to have hardening and bactericidal properties, these solutions also often contain relatively small amounts of formaldehyde and z. B. low molecular weight polyethylene glycol . These fixed bodies are mainly used in advanced training courses in the field of surgery and they can be used for dissection courses . Their particular advantage lies in the fact that they are closer to reality due to the color retention, i.e. a more realistic differentiation of the tissues and organs is possible. Another advantage - which is particularly emphasized - is that their mobility is much closer to a real body. This results in the possibility of practicing surgical interventions in an extremely true-to-life manner without risking a living patient or of learning the macroscopic anatomy on body donors in an almost lifelike manner.
See also
literature
- Rudolf Piechocki: Macroscopic preparation technique. Part 1: vertebrates. 5th, revised and updated edition. Fischer, 1998, ISBN 3-437-35190-7 .
- Walter F. Steinmann: Macroscopic preparation methods in medicine. Thieme-Verlag, 1982, ISBN 3-13-623901-6 .
- Siegfried Schwerin: Anatomical dry, wet and bone preparations. Springer-Verlag, 1952. (Reprint: ISBN 978-3-540-01652-6 )
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b P. Schmidt: A modified Romhányi solution for color retention in liquid preparations. In: New Museum Studies. Vol. 26, No. 4, 1983, Berlin / DDR, pp. 275-276.
- ↑ L. Jores: About an improved preservation of anatomical specimens. In: Münch. Med. Wschr. 60, 1913, p. 976.
- ↑ L. Jores: The conservation of anatomical specimens in blood color using formalin. In: Zbl. Path. Jena 7, 1896, p. 134.
- ↑ C. Kaiserling: About the conservation of specimens from collections with the preservation of natural colors. In: Clin. Wschr. 33, 1896, p. 725.
- ↑ C. Kaiserling: Retrospectives on the theory and practice of colored conservation. In: Virch. Arch. 237, 1922, pp. 467-474.
- ↑ G. Románhyi: Simple method for preservation in natural colors. In: Virchows Arch. 328, 1956.
- ↑ S. Hayashi, H. Honnma, M. Naito et al.: Saturated salt solution method: A useful cadaver embalming for surgical skills training. In: Medicine (Baltimore). 93 (27), Dec 2014, p. E196.
- ↑ Shogo Hayashi, Munekazu Naito, Shinichi Kawata, Ning Qu, Naoyuki Hatayama, Shuichi Hirai, Masahiro Itoh and others: Cadavers embalmed by the saturated salt solution method are useful for surgical skills training. In: Medicine (Baltimore). 2014 Dec; 93 (27) (online)
- ↑ Janet Weiger: Nitrite curing salt-ethanol-polyethylene glycol 400 solution for fixing and preserving organs and animal bodies for teaching and research. In: The taxidermist. (Specialist journal), published by the Association of German Taxidermists , ISSN 0032-6542 number 57, 2011, p. 34 ff.