Misalignment
| Classification according to ICD-10 | |
|---|---|
| 21st | Other acquired deformities of the extremities |
| 84 | Changes in bone continuity |
| ICD-10 online (WHO version 2019) | |
In medicine, misalignment is a faulty position of joints , bones or teeth .
This is a deviation from the physiological norm, which, in contrast to the norm variant, is not only more significant, but usually also leads to impaired function or premature wear and tear ( osteoarthritis ).
In contrast to poor posture , a malposition cannot be corrected or reversed by the person concerned.
Classification
A classification can be made according to the underlying pathology:
- Misalignment due to a change within a bone, e.g. B. Disturbance of the bone continuity Broken bone or pseudarthrosis or injury to the epiphyseal plate with premature (partial) closure
- Misalignment in a joint, disruption of the interlocking of a joint, e.g. B. dislocation , or the rows of teeth during the chewing movement
- Anatomical misalignment (atypical configuration of a joint) with changed function, e.g. B. spherical talus or neuromuscular disorder
to form
In the extremities , misalignments of the axes are described as deviations from the physiological axes in relation to the anatomical planes , whereby deviations in several planes are often combined:
- Deviations in the frontal plane (viewed from the front):
- distally outwards as a valgus position
- distally inwards as a varus position
- Deviations in the sagittal plane (viewed from the side):
- distally forward as the genu recurvatum , tibia recurvata
- distally backwards as the tibia antecurvata in congenital tibial osteoarthritis
- Deviations in the transversal plane (viewed from below):
- Rotational malalignment with internal rotation of the distal segment as anteversion
- Rotational error with increased external rotation of the distal segment as retrotorsion
Displacement of the lower jaw to the upper jaw are as retrognathia or prognathism designated
Occurrence
A misalignment can occur in numerous parts of the body:
- Eyes , strabismus
- Temporomandibular joint , upper and lower jaw and tooth area , progeny , crossbite , mesial bite
- Arms , hands and fingers
- Spine and pelvis , scoliosis , kyphosis , kyphoscoliosis
- Legs and feet
root cause
Possible causes for a misalignment are:
- congenital due to malformation or hereditary disease
- Immediately existing misalignment, e.g. B. Radial aplasia , clubfoot
- malalignment that develops in the course of growth, e.g. B. Tarda Form of osteogenesis imperfecta
- acquired through accident or illness
- after injury to the bone
- after inflammation with tissue destruction
- after joint diseases with osseous remodeling processes, e.g. B. osteoarthritis , rheumatoid arthritis
- after prolonged poor posture or muscle weakness (fixed scoliosis )
- by tumors with destruction or deformation or displacement of bones and / or joints, e.g. B. Paget's disease , multiple cartilaginous exostoses
literature
- F. Hefti: Children's orthopedics in practice . Springer 1998, ISBN 3-540-61480-X .
- W. Schuster, D. Färber (editor): Children's radiology. Imaging diagnostics. Springer 1996, Vol. 1, ISBN 3-540-60224-0 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Duden, keyword misalignment
- ↑ a b Entry on misalignment in Flexikon , a wiki of the DocCheck company
