Fehmarnsund Bridge

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Coordinates: 54 ° 24 ′ 0 ″  N , 11 ° 6 ′ 42 ″  E

Fehmarnsund Bridge
Fehmarnsund Bridge
View of the Fehmarnsund Bridge from the northeast
use Road and rail bridge
Convicted B 207 , Lübeck – Puttgarden railway line , combined cycle and footpath
Crossing of Fehmarnsund ( Baltic Sea )
place Fehmarn - Großenbrode , Ostholstein district
construction Network arch bridge (main opening)
overall length 963 meters
width 21 meters
Number of openings 8th
Longest span 248.5 meters
Clear height 22 meters
start of building January 1960
opening April 30, 1963
location
Fehmarnsund Bridge (Schleswig-Holstein)
Fehmarnsund Bridge
Location of the Fehmarnsund Bridge
Fehmarn.png
p1

The Fehmarnsund Bridge is a combined road and rail bridge that connects the island of Fehmarn in the Baltic Sea with the mainland near Großenbrode . The Fehmarnsund Bridge opened in 1963 and the Puttgarden ferry port on Fehmarn, which was built at the same time, significantly shortened the average travel time on the so-called Vogelfluglinie from Hamburg to Copenhagen .

Description of the structure

The bridge spans the approximately 1,300 m wide Fehmarn Sound , which is narrowed to 963 m by the 337 m long ramps on both sides . The Fehmarnsund Bridge has a clear opening 240 m wide and 23 m high above mean water for shipping . The bridge superstructure is a slim steel construction with three sub-structures:

  • southern, five-span supporting structure
  • Main opening with a network arch
  • northern, two-span supporting structure.

The network arch is one of the first and largest of its kind in the world. It consists of two parabolic arcs inclined towards each other , which touch each other at the apex. The lane hangers made of patented steel cables form a crossed diamond framework with diagonals that are spatially inclined twice. The bridge width is 21 m, which is shared by the track of the Lübeck – Puttgarden railway line , federal road 207 and a combined cycle and footpath . The approximately 268.5 m long arch has a span of 248.5 m and a maximum height of 45 m above the roadway.

The striking, widely visible construction earned the bridge the nickname “ coat hanger ”.

history

The first plans for a pure railway bridge go back to 1912. After the German occupation of Denmark in World War II , the architect Heinrich Bartmann planned a wider bridge for the railroad and the Reichsautobahn, and in 1941 the Todt Organization began. The total investment was eight million Reichsmarks . The construction work had to be canceled in 1942 due to the war. An already completed bridge structure near Strukkamp was integrated into the later route of the B 207 and the railway line.

Were after the war excited again plans and cost estimates for a bridge or a tunnel as a fixed Fehmarn Sound crossing in spring 1952 by the then President of the Railway Directorate of Hamburg , Fritz Schelp .

The bridge was designed by the engineers G. Fischer, T. Jahnke and P. Stein of Gutehoffnungshütte Sterkrade AG, Oberhausen-Sterkrade. The architect Gerd Lohmer was involved in the architectural design . The building owners were the Federal Railway Directorate Hamburg and the State Office for Road Construction Schleswig-Holstein.

In addition to the Gutehoffnungshütte, the companies CH Jucho , Felten & Guilleaume and Flender were involved in the construction of the bridge, which began in January 1960 . The suspension ropes were supplied by Hüttenwerke Oberhausen Aktien Gesellschaft (HOAG); the bearings were manufactured by the Esslingen machine factory .

The bridge was allowed to be used for the first time from January 16, 1963. Because of the harsh winter , ferry traffic to Fehmarn had come to a standstill for several weeks. In order to ensure the supply of the island and the construction site of the Vogelfluglinie during this time, the use of the bridge was permitted with special permission and at your own risk. After a good three years of construction, the bridge was inaugurated on April 30, 1963.

In the landside driveway to the Fehmarnsund Bridge there were six blast shafts in the roadway as prepared barriers at the time of the Cold War , the location of which can still be seen today through six square patches of asphalt. In Heinrichsruh , about a kilometer away, is the associated locking device.

The State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein placed the Fehmarnsund Bridge under monument protection in 1999 . As a justification, reference was made to their special significance in terms of the history of technology, science, art and the cultural landscape . It has meanwhile become the landmark of Fehmarn and Schleswig-Holstein .

From June 11, 2010 onwards, DB AG carried out extensive measurements and load tests over four nights, including with a 1500-ton locomotive train , to determine the condition of the bridge and its suitability for future expansion.

The Federal Ministry of Finance honored the 50th anniversary of the Fehmarnsund Bridge in 2013 with a special postage stamp. The first day of issue was April 4, 2013, the brand value is 75 ct. The stamp was designed by Heribert Birnbach based on a photo by Torsten Wolf; it shows the characteristic arch of the main opening towards the evening sky.

Planning

The Schleswig-Holstein Transport Minister Meyer informed Federal Transport Minister Ramsauer on September 11, 2012 that the State of Schleswig-Holstein wanted to register an additional connection (bridge or tunnel) over the Fehmarn Sound for inclusion in the Federal Transport Infrastructure Plan 2030 .

In December 2012, it became known that the existing Fehmarnsund Bridge could no longer cope with the higher loads after the opening of the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link . The results of the static recalculation by DB ProjektBau were presented to the public on January 17, 2013. The existing structure must therefore at least be upgraded; New construction variants are also being considered.

On August 26, 2014 the press reported that the state of Schleswig-Holstein had been commissioned by the federal government to start planning a completely new construction of the Fehmarnsund Bridge. The State Office for Road Construction and Transport Schleswig-Holstein and DB Netz AG presented the status of their planning for a replacement structure at a meeting of the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link Dialogue Forum on November 21, 2018. It was investigated accordingly

  • the new construction of a combined bridge for rail and road
  • the construction of separate bridges for rail and road
  • the new construction of a combined submerged tunnel for rail and road ( Fehmarnsund tunnel ), this solution is being implemented, see below
  • Combination solutions (bridge for road and tunnel for rail; bridge for rail and tunnel for road)

A partial further use of the Fehmarnsund Bridge for road traffic was also examined.

A new link is unlikely to open before 2028 Template: future / in 5 years.

On March 3, 2020, Deutsche Bahn announced that an immersed tunnel was to be built parallel to the Fehmarnsund Bridge . The existing bridge is to be retained and upgraded for slow traffic as well as for cyclists and pedestrians.

Picture gallery

  • Main opening with network arch

  • Fehmarnsund Bridge from the southwest (2018)

  • Fehmarnsund Bridge from a bird's eye view

  • Fehmarnsund Bridge from Großenbroderfähre

See also

literature

  • Deutsche Bundesbahn (Ed.): Bridge to the North. The book from Vogelfluglinie . Athenäum Verlag, Frankfurt 1963.
  • Günter Meier: The Vogelfluglinie and its ships . Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft , Herford 1988.
  • Friedhelm Ernst: The Vogelfluglinie . Eisenbahn-Kurier Special No. 53, Freiburg 1997.
  • Gerda Maschmann: The Fehmarnsund Bridge. The heart of the bird airline . Edition Forsbach, Fehmarn 2013, ISBN 978-3-943134-30-8 .
  • Heiko KL Schulze : The Fehmarnsund Bridge - Landmark of Schleswig-Holstein . In: DenkMal! Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein . Boyens Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG , Heide 2014, ISBN 978-3-8042-0919-0 , p. 5–18 ( online [PDF; 2.9 MB ; accessed on September 17, 2018]).

Web links

Commons : Fehmarnsund Bridge  - Collection of Images

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b New Fehmarn Sound Crossing. (PDF) Planning status. In: Internet presence of the rail link for the Fehmarnbelt Fixed Link. DB Netz AG & LBV SH, November 21, 2018, accessed on November 29, 2018 .
  2. ↑ Fehmarnsund Bridge. brueckenweb.de, accessed on December 6, 2012 .
  3. ↑ 50 years of the Vogelfluglinie: Fehmarn celebrates the "coat hanger". n24.de, April 30, 2013, accessed on July 29, 2015 .
  4. ^ Plan of the railway bridge from 1912 near Großenbrode
  5. ↑ Start of construction in 1941 on a railway and motorway bridge
  6. ↑ Construction . The bird airline. In: August Scherl (ed.): The great book of technology . Publishing house for knowledge and education, Rheda 1965, p. 1451 .
  7. ^ Heiko KL Schulze : The Fehmarnsund Bridge - Landmark of Schleswig-Holstein . In: State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): DenkMal! Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. Boyens Buchverlag GmbH & Co. KG, Heide 2014, ISBN 978-3-8042-0919-0 , p. 6 ( schleswig-holstein.de [PDF; 2.9 MB ; accessed on September 17, 2018]).
  8. ^ Archives Hamburger Abendblatt, tunnel under the Fehmarn Sound. Reinforcement of the ferry service for the Olympics , Hamburger Abendblatt from January 17, 1952
  9. ↑ Bridge page at structurae.de , accessed on January 15, 2013
  10. ↑ Frostwinter 1963: Sund Bridge with emergency service. Lübecker Nachrichten, January 13, 2013, accessed on February 9, 2013 .
  11. ↑ Peter creates: The bridge over the Fehmarnsund . In: State Office for Monument Preservation Schleswig-Holstein (Ed.): DenkMal! Journal for Monument Preservation in Schleswig-Holstein. tape 6 . Westholsteinische Verlagsanstalt Boyens & Co., 1999, ISSN  0946-4549 , p. 88-91 .
  12. ↑ Heiko Witt: Sundbrücke withstood 1500 tons with ease. Fehmarnsches Tageblatt, June 12, 2010, accessed January 16, 2013 .
  13. ↑ special postage stamps. Annual forecast 2013. (PDF) Federal Ministry of Finance, November 30, 2012, p. 2 , accessed on February 13, 2013 .
  14. ↑ 50 years of the Fehmarnsund Bridge. In: Classic Postage Stamps. New releases. Deutsche Post, April 4, 2013, accessed on May 14, 2013 .
  15. ↑ Report in the Lübecker Nachrichten of September 12, 2012 , accessed on September 14, 2012
  16. ^ Announcement of the Schleswig-Holstein newspaper publisher from September 12, 2012 , accessed on September 14, 2012
  17. ↑ Curd Tönnemann: Expert opinion: Fehmarnsund Bridge not resilient enough. In: Lübecker Nachrichten. December 21, 2012, accessed December 21, 2012 .
  18. ^ Stefan Neubert, Bernd Homfeldt: Recalculation of the Fehmarnsund Bridge. (PDF) DB Netz AG / DB ProjektBau, January 17, 2013, accessed on January 18, 2013 (2.1 MB).
  19. ↑ Fehmarnsund Bridge is threatened with complete closure. Die Welt, August 26, 2014, accessed December 2, 2015 .
  20. ↑ Eva-Maria Mester: At the end of 2019, the decision on the new Fehmarnsund Bridge should be made . January 22, 2019 ( welt.de [accessed April 8, 2019]).
  21. ↑ Decision on the new Fehmarnsund crossing: construction of an immersed tunnel and preservation of the Sund bridge. Press release. DB Netze, March 3, 2020, accessed on March 3, 2020 .
  22. ↑ Decision on the new Fehmarnsund link. In: deutschebahn.com. Deutsche Bahn, March 3, 2020, accessed on March 4, 2020 .