Heinrich Bartmann

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Heinrich Bartmann, 1936

Heinrich Bartmann (born September 6, 1898 in Cologne , † May 11, 1982 in Baden-Baden ; full name: Heinrich Paul Franz Maria Bartmann ) was an influential German architect , urban planner and university lecturer . Some of his buildings are now listed .

Life

Family, youth and studies

Heinrich Bartmann grew up in Münster and from 1911 in Wegberg as the youngest child of seven siblings. His parents were the merchant and textile manufacturer Bernard Bartmann and Franziska Bartmann, geb. Wattendorff, daughter of the textile manufacturer Joseph Wattendorff . In 1916 he graduated from high school and served two years at the front in Russia and France. During this time he initially planned to study architecture at the well-known architecture faculty of the Technical University of Stuttgart . At the request of his parents, however, he first began studying mechanical engineering at the Technical University of Aachen in 1918 , but after a few months he switched to the architecture department there. In 1921 he took exercises at the Technical University of Munich with Theodor Fischer , whose “ Five Lectures on Urban Development ” had impressed him early on, and he heard art history at the University of Munich with Heinrich Wölfflin . In 1922 he passed the main diploma examination at the Technical University of Aachen.

House J. Bartmann Neuss 1927
Target judges Cologne 1928
Petrol station at Bahnhofsplatz Aachen in 1929
Competition draft of the Holy Cross Church Cologne-Weidenpesch 1930
Holy Cross Church Cologne-Weidenpesch 1932
House of H.Bartmann, Wittbräuke 1930
Spinning mill Gebr. Kock, Borghorst 1934
Renovation of Cologne City Hall, Senate Hall in 1938
Reconstruction of the houses in Vorsetzen 2–3 and 4, which were destroyed in the war , Hamburg 1942
Residential office building in Münster 1949

1920s: wandering

Bartmann got his first job as an architect with August Biebricher in Krefeld . In 1924 he applied to Adolf Abel and Paul Bonatz in Stuttgart , who put him off until later due to the bad economic situation at the time. Bartmann bridged the time in the USA , where he initially worked as an architect in Detroit - partly together with Hans Ostermann . After a few months he switched to the “Chicago Plan Commission”, which was tasked with building the “Chicago Plan” drawn up by Daniel H. Burnham in 1909 . On a steamboat trip from New York City to Washington, DC , in 1925 he met the urban planner Heinz Wetzel , who had just been appointed to the Technical University of Stuttgart , and learned that the Mayor of Cologne , Konrad Adenauer, had appointed Adolf Abel as urban planning director and founded a special office to meet his special building requirements like planning a new stadium, the university and the Rheinhallen . In 1925, Bartmann became the youngest member of Abel's team, known as “the twelve apostles”. In the same year he married Leoni Giani, granddaughter of the Aachen merchant Caspar Giani . The marriage resulted in two daughters. After Abel was appointed to the Technical University of Munich in 1929, Bartmann also left the office and switched to the German Shell subsidiary Rhenania-Ossag . As head of the construction office, he built the first gas stations with flat roofs.

Freelance architect in Cologne and Münster

In an architectural competition won in 1929 to build the Holy Cross Church in the Cologne suburb of Weidenpesch , Bartmann set up his own business in Cologne and a little later founded a branch office in Münster. During this period up to the outbreak of war, numerous single-family houses, factories and conversions of historical buildings were built in the objective and landscape-related architectural style of the 1930s, which was based on the ideals of the Stuttgart School .

World War II and post-war period

When private building activity stalled at the beginning of the Second World War , Bartmann brought his family to safety in Seefeld in Tyrol in September 1939 . In order to avoid a threatened draft, he got in touch with Bonatz again. In 1940 he became construction director at the Magdeburg Polte-Werke , one of the largest ammunition factories in the Reich.

At the end of 1940 Bartmann learned from Willem Bäumer that Konstanty Gutschow , who was four years his junior and who had just been named "Architect of the Elbe Bank" by Hamburg Gauleiter Kaufmann due to a successful competition , wanted to see him as a private architect in Hamburg. After making sure that membership in the NSDAP was not a necessary requirement for cooperation, he moved to Hamburg. There he worked with his own office a. a. as a consulting architect on a traffic concept for the area between Dammtorbahnhof , Lombard Bridge and Oberhafen as well as on plans for the alignment and bridges of the Vogelfluglinie, which was not implemented until much later . He also taught industrial construction at the Hamburg University of Fine Arts and played with his colleagues at a company party in the Altona town hall in the summer of 1941 a utopian-satirical cabaret entitled Quo vadis, a game from the time of the persecution of individualists , in which his distant humor and his experience in the United States benefited. After the devastating bombing raids in July / August 1943, Operation Gomorrah , he was entrusted, together with Rudolf Hillebrecht and another 20 employees, with the procurement of replacement rooms for production companies that were important to the war effort.

This was followed by a move to the office of the Bremen city and state planner Wilhelm Wortmann with an order for preparatory planning for the development of Bremen after the war, which was not completed due to the further destruction of the city.

After the end of the war, in the summer of 1945, Bartmann became the municipal building officer of Münster and worked out the basics for urban development and the reconstruction of the 91% destroyed city center. In working with the military government, he benefited from his American experience and English skills. Together with the citizens and the local architects, he was able to enforce there - unlike in many other large cities - to “preserve the character of the city without losing sight of modern developments”. When the goals were formulated, the guidelines were decided by the city council and the basic planning was completed, Bartmann retired to private practice on May 1, 1948 and was able to build some of the buildings that still shape the cityscape and building culture of Münster. "His versatility, his humane, non-doctrinal and yet fundamentally honest view of modern architecture benefited his hometown of Münster," wrote Helene Rahms in a later tribute.

Company apartments Rheine 1950
H. Bartmann House, Seeheim 1951

1950s: teaching and competitions

Elektromark Hagen 1952
Electromark entrance hall
State representation of North Rhine-Westphalia, Bonn 1953
Cafe Eigel, Cologne 1955
IHK Essen 1957
Herz-Jesu-Kirche, Bocholt 1959
Rheinische Girozentrale Essen 1962
Fockemuseum Bremen 1962
Fockemuseum Bremen, inside
Emmerich Rhine Bridge 1962

At the end of the 1940s, Bartmann received two appointments: one from the Technical University of Stuttgart to the chair for urban planning and settlement as the successor to Heinz Wetzel, who died in 1945, and one from the Technical University of Darmstadt . In Stuttgart , the representatives of the "Stuttgart School", which is now considered to be conservative and partly politically charged, voted for him, especially since the former NSDAP member Paul Schmitthenner was no longer allowed to return to the university. However, since the practitioner Bartmann did not want to be drawn into an ideological architectural dispute and also feared an arduous collaboration with Richard Döcker , the former site manager of the Weißenhof estate , who had already been appointed in 1946 for general urban development , he decided in 1949 for Darmstadt.

In Seeheim an der Bergstrasse , he built his first house for himself and his family in 1951: a traditional, elongated single-family house, which was made up of village elements such as the steep, beaver-tailed gable roof, window bars, folding shutters, wooden gables, chicken coop and a large garden for self-sufficiency inserted into the environment. At the same time, on the occasion of the 50th return of the exhibition of the Darmstadt artists' colony , the 2nd Darmstadt conversation with the topic of “Man and Space” took place at Mathildenhöhe in Darmstadt , moderated by Otto Bartning , with Paul Bonatz , Ludwig Mies van der Rohe , Hans Scharoun , Rudolf Schwarz , Hans Schwippert and Bruno Taut representatives from various directions were invited. In a large exhibition over the period from 1901 to 1951 with works by Peter Behrens , Walter Gropius , Le Corbusier a . a. the heroes of modernity were thought of and the year 1951 was proclaimed as a new beginning. This year was also a turning point for Bartmann. He gave his architectural office in Münster - initially in partnership - to the Döcker student Harald Deilmann , looked for young assistants who were open to modern times and began to number his architectural drawings again. However, he continued to stick to his methodical approach of individually thinking through each construction task, planning down to the last detail after carefully examining the location and the client's wishes and thus often coming up with innovative solutions.

From 1952 to 1957 he took part in 17 architectural competitions and won ten first prizes.

1959 to 1960 he was rector of the Technical University of Darmstadt . He continued his extensive work as a judge and expert even after his retirement in 1963.

Buildings (selection)

Municipal construction

  • 1926: Referee stand and spectator stand for the racecourse in Cologne
  • 1931–1935: Buildings for the Cologne Zoo in Cologne-Riehl (monkey house, game reserve, conversion of an office building, etc.)
  • 1932: Youth home in Cologne-Weidenpesch
  • 1936–1937: Reconstruction of the Wallraf-Richartz-Museum in Cologne
  • 1936–1937: Town hall in Wegberg
  • 1938: Renewal of the Cologne City Hall
  • 1939: Elementary school in Wegberg
  • 1949–1958: Reconstruction of the old town hall in Münster (1st prize, execution with H. Benteler and E. Scharf)
  • 1955: Design for the town hall in Wanne-Eickel (1st prize, not realized)
  • 1957–1963: Focke Museum in Bremen , Schwachhauser Heerstraße 240 (after 1st prize, now a monument)

Churches

  • 1928–1930: cath. Parish Church of the Holy Cross in Cologne-Weidenpesch (after 1st prize, now a monument)
  • 1957-1960: cath. Parish church Herz Jesu with community center in Bocholt (after 1st prize), demolition planned in 2020
  • 1964–1969: cath. Parish church in Seeheim-Jugenheim (with Rolf Romero )

Commercial and administrative buildings

Industrial construction

  • 1929: Rhenania-Ossag car hall , Berlin
  • 1930: Rhenania-Ossag petrol stations in Aachen , Bahnhofsplatz and in Cologne, Dürener Strasse
  • 1934: Well house and renovation of the "Bitburger Hof" for the Bitburger brewery Th. Simon in Bitburg
  • 1934–1937: Production building, machine house and community building for the Kock brothers' spinning mill in Borghorst
  • 1935: Administration building and workshops for the Arnold Kock weaving mill in Borghorst
  • 1937: Welfare house for the Bergische axis factory F. Kotz Söhne KG in Wiehl
  • 1938: Factory building of the Franz Stupp company in Wegberg
  • 1938: Office building and warehouse of the C. & F. Fraling weaving mill in Nordwalde
  • 1938–1941: Factory building, staff rooms and office for the Wegberg cotton spinning mill in Wegberg
  • 1939: Auersilo in Cologne
  • 1940–1942: Design of a new factory for Phönix Sewing Machines AG in Bielefeld (not realized)
  • 1941: Marine building of Blohm & Voss GmbH in Hamburg
  • 1941: Factory building for the Lange & Söhne mill in Hamburg, Am Reiherstieg
  • 1948: Expansion of the H. Brinkhaus weaving mill in Warendorf
  • 1949: FH Delkeskamp cardboard factory in Nortrup
  • 1949: Mühlenwerke F. Kiesekamp AG in Münster
  • 1952: Office and sewing remodeling for JC Biederlack & Co. in Emsdetten
  • 1957–1958: Marley works in Griesheim

Agricultural building

Housing and settlement construction

Residential houses

  • 1927: Dr. Josef Bartmann-Oldenkott in Neuss, Parkstrasse 27
  • 1930: Dr. Hans Bartmann in Dortmund-Wittbräucke
  • 1933: Dr. Vogt in Bielefeld
  • 1933: Dr. Floor in Cologne
  • 1934: Hobbeling house in Münster
  • 1935: Dr. Joseph Werr in Bad Honnef , Bondorfer Strasse 17
  • 1935–1936: Dr. Kempmann in Rheine
  • 1935: Zangerle house in Bitburg, Bodorfer Straße
  • 1936: Residence Prof. Dr. Paul Uhlenbruck in Cologne
  • 1936: Dr. Angermann in Bielefeld
  • 1936: Dr. Joost in Cologne
  • 1936: Residence Prof. Dr. Taeschner in Munster, Eichendorffstrasse
  • 1936: Residence Prof. Dr. Josef Kroll in Cologne
  • 1936–1938: Hugo Beaucamp's house in Münster, Eugen-Müller-Strasse 16
  • 1936: Dr. Kempermann in Cologne-Lindenthal
  • 1936: Residence Prof. Dr. Rudolf Seyffert in Cologne
  • 1937: Dr. Drießen in Montabaur
  • 1937: House of Prof. Dr. Jost Trier
  • 1937: Hermann Kümpers house in Rheine (burned down)
  • 1939: Prof. Burmann's house in Berlin-Dahlem , Hüttenweg 24
  • 1942: Draft for the reconstruction of the historical town houses Vorsetzen 2/3 and 4 in Hamburg (not realized)
  • 1949: Prof. Wohlenberg's house in Münster, Tondernstrasse
  • 1950: Prof. Bartmann's house in Seeheim-Jugenheim , Weinbergstrasse 23
  • 1951–1952: Suren house in Münster, Kapitelstraße 48
  • 1952: Dr. Ahlbäumer in Münster, Elisabeth-Ney-Strasse
  • 1952: F. Braun house in Münster, Prinz-Eugen-Straße 48
  • 1952: Residential building of building councilor Dörholt in Münster, processional way
  • 1952: Dr. Shoemaker in Münster, Langemarckstrasse
  • 1954–1955: Dr. Meier in Frankfurt am Main, Gustav-Freitag-Strasse 33
  • 1955–1956: Extension and conversion of the Hillebrandt residential building in Neheim-Hüsten
  • 1965: Prof. Bartmann's house in Baden-Baden , Schindelmacherweg 9

bridges

Awards

Fonts

  • About industrial construction in recent years. Hamburg 1942. (Manuscript of a lecture at the HHbK)
  • The tasks and structure of the city building administration. Münster 1945. (Manuscript of a lecture)
  • Münster's future face , in: Westfälische Nachrichten , Edition M., Münster, August 3, 1946
  • Guidelines for urban planning in the city of Münster. Münster 1946. (Manuscript of a lecture)
  • Can our building culture be promoted? In: Report on the 8th annual general meeting of the Association of German Architects in the State of Hesse. Frankfurt 1957
  • The Development of a Basic Prototype in Hospital Design. In: Hospital Topics Magazine , Chicago 1961
  • Baden-Baden and its traffic problem. Baden-Baden 1972
  • Autobiography. Baden-Baden 1974. (manuscript)
  • On Heinrich Tessenow's ways. In: FVS Foundation , Hamburg 1974

literature

  • General Artists Dictionary , Vol. 7, p. 251.
  • Darmstädter Echo : Between architecture and teaching. Heinrich Bartmann turns 60 , Darmstadt 1958.
  • German construction newspaper : Focke Museum Bremen. Issue 5/1965, Stuttgart 1965.
  • Werner Durth : German Architects. Biographical entanglements 1900–1970. Braunschweig 1986.
  • Werner Durth, Niels Gutschow : Dreams in ruins. Urban planning 1940–1950. Braunschweig 1988.
  • Max Guther : Professor Heinrich Bartmann 80 years. In: Die Hochschule , No. 94/1978.
  • Niels Gutschow, Regine Stiener: Documentation Reconstruction of the City of Münster. Münster 1982.
  • Niels Gutschow, Gunnar Pick: Building in Münster. (Architectural guide, published by the Association of German Architects ) Münster 1983.
  • Sylvaine Hänsel, Stefan Rethfeld: Münster architecture guide. Dietrich Reimer Verlag, Berlin 2008, ISBN 978-3-496-01276-4 .
  • Wolfram Hagspiel : Cologne. Marienburg. (= Stadtspuren, Monmäler in Köln , Volumes 8.I and 8.II.) JP Bachem Verlag, Cologne 1995, ISBN 3-7616-1147-1 .
  • Modern designs : five houses by Heinrich Bartmann, Cologne. , Issue 2/1938, Stuttgart 1938.
  • Modern designs : renovation of the Cologne town hall. , Issue 5/1939, Stuttgart 1939.
  • Rolf Romero : In memoriam Professor Heinrich Bartmann. In: THD intern , No. 6, Darmstadt 1982.
  • Wilhelm Wortmann u. a .: Architects are not children of defeat. In: Bauwelt , issue 48/1984, Berlin 1984.
  • Wilhelm Wortmann: Bremen builder of the 19th and 20th centuries , Johann Heinrich Döll Verlag, 1989 ISBN 978-3-888-08056-2 .

Web links

Commons : Heinrich Bartmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Westfälische Rundschau Münster, April 3, 1948
  2. ^ Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung : Heinrich Bartmann, a birthday greeting, Frankfurt, September 6, 1973
  3. ↑ Johannes Bernard: Herz-Jesu-Kirche in Bocholt is to be demolished . In: Kirche + Leben , December 15, 2019, p. 15.
  4. ↑ Westfälische Rundschau Münster, April 3, 1948
personal data
SURNAME Bartmann, Heinrich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Bartmann, Heinrich Paul Franz Maria (full name)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German architect and university professor
DATE OF BIRTH September 6, 1898
PLACE OF BIRTH Cologne
DATE OF DEATH May 11, 1982
Place of death Baden-Baden