Rock pear bushes
The juneberries-bushes ( Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum Faber ex Th. Müller 1966) is a plant association with the status of association in the association of barberry bushes ( Berberidion vulgaris Br.-Bl. 1950). This association belongs to the order hedges and bushes ( Prunetalia spinosae Tx. 1952) within the class Euro Siberian Schlehen bushes ( rhamno-Prunetea Rivas et Goday Borja Carbonell ex Tx. 1962). The common rock pear ( Amelanchier ovalis ) and the two species of cotoneaster common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ) and felt cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster tomentosus ) are characteristic of the rock pear bushes . In Central Europe you can find the bushes on steep rocks. Typical occurrences are the edge of river valleys .
Occurrence
The light-needing rock pear bushes used to be more widespread. 4000–6000 years ago, in the course of reforestation, society was pushed to its present location.
The rock pear bushes populate sunny, dry, warm rocks with moderately acidic silicate to calcareous rocks. The bushes are usually absent on soils that are poor in skeleton . The reason for this is probably the low competitive strength of the slowly growing young plants of the rock pear compared to the herbaceous layer. The locations are usually free of forest and are limited to wide crevices in the rock. In Central Europe, the bushes are found on steep cliffs above shady tree tops. Typical occurrences are the edge of river valleys such as Altmühl , Danube , Saale and Werra . In Austria it was mainly described in Vorarlberg , Carinthia and the area around Salzburg . In Switzerland , the rock pear bushes are particularly known from the Swiss Jura . It grows there on stair-like rocky steep slopes on lime-rich substrates and exposed rock faces.
Adjacent societies
Flat areas above and below the steep rocky slopes, which are characterized by rock pear bushes, show potentially natural vegetation of thermophilic forest communities . Sunny dolomite rocks in the Kylltal near Gerolstein, for example, develop beech forest on the lower, more flat areas and then Norway maple - linden forest , on the upper levels fragmentary Maßholder - oak forest , which in turn is adjoined by a beech forest. The bush itself is a mosaic of dry grasslands (companies of the associations of Xero - and Mesobromion ), Blue Grass Halden ( Seslerion albicantis ) and dry forest - hem companies ( Geranion sanguinei linked).
Species composition
The common rock pear ( Amelanchier ovalis ) as well as the two cotoneasters common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ) and felt cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster tomentosus ) are characteristic of the rock pear bushes . The latter only occurs in bushes in the Swiss Jura. Compared to the rest of the sloe bushes ( Prunetalia spinosae ), the blackthorn ( Prunus spinosa ) and other thorny bushes typical of societies of this order are usually absent . Differential species are common juniper ( Juniperus communis ), Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris ), fragrant white root ( Polygonatum odoratum ), swallowwort ( Vincetoxicum hirundinaria ) and clans of the sheep-fescue group ( Festuca ovina agg ).
Depending on the soil and climatic conditions, two sub-associations of the rock pear bushes emerge. The subassociation deschampsietosum flexuosae is more likely to be found on silicate rock. Its composition shows more species that (also) grow on acidic soils. Typical for this are u. a. the wire smith ( Deschampsia flexuosa ), the broom ( Cytisus scoparius ), the red ostrich grass ( Agrostis capillaris ) and the mountain ash ( Sorbus aucuparia ). The subassociation rosetosum caninae develops on soils that are richer in bases , which in Germany is particularly characterized by the limestone blue grass ( Sesleria caerulea ). Other species are the common ash ( Fraxinus excelsior ) and the noble germander ( Teucrium chamaedrys ).
The occurrences in the Swiss Jura differ both in their species composition and in terms of their characteristic species from the other forms described. In addition to the common rock pear ( Amelanchier ovalis ) and common cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster integerrimus ), the felt cotoneaster ( Cotoneaster tomentosus ) also appears. Formative for the training there is u. a. the red-leaf rose ( Rosa glauca ), which is described by Moor as another species, and the shrub vetch ( Hippocrepis emerus ). Other typical species are Alpine buckthorn ( Rhamnus alpina ), common barberry ( Berberis vulgaris ), real whitebeam ( Sorbus aria ), the Vosges whitebeam ( Sorbus mougeotii ), and the stone sissy ( Prunus mahaleb ).
Syn systematics
The rock pear bushes ( Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum Faber ex Th. Müller 1966) is an association in the association of barberry bushes ( Berberidion vulgaris Br.-Bl. 1950) of the order hedges and bushes ( Prunetalia spinosae Tx. 1952) within the class Eurosiberian Sloe bushes ( Rhamno-Prunetea Rivas Goday et Borja Carbonell ex Tx. 1962) of the X formation . Bushes and pre-forests, anthropogenic woody communities.
Scientific synonyms are Cotoneastro integerrimi-Amelanchieretum ovalis Faber (1936) Tx. 1952, Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum Faber 1936 ex Korneck 1974, Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum Faber 1936 ex Tx. 1952, Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum ovalis Faber 1936.
incl. Calluno vulgaris-Amelanchieretum ovalis Rauschert (1969) 1990, incl. Calluno-Amelanchieretum Rauschert 1968, incl. Erysimo crepidifolii-Amelanchieretum ovalis Rauschert (1969) 1990, incl. Erysimo-Amelanchieretum Rauschert (1969) 1990, incl. Junipero communis Cotoneastretum integerrimi Hofmann 1958, incl. Junipero-Cotoneastretum Hofmann 1958, incl. Lembotropido nigricantis-Cotoneastretum integerrimi (Niemann 1962) Rauschert (1969) in Rauschert et al. 1990, incl. Lembotropido-Cotoneastretum Rauschert 1968, incl. Lembotropido-Cotoneastretum (Niemann 1962) Rauschert 1990, incl. Roso ellipticae-Cotoneastretum Rauschert 1968, incl. Seslerio variae-Cotoneastretum integerrimi Rauschert (1969) 1990, incl. Seslerio-Cotoneastretum Rauschert (1969) 1990.
This view is based on the Red List of Endangered Plant Societies in Germany . Numerous local societies that were described from East Germany were included in the definition. These are companies that appear with one or both of these characteristics, although these have not been characterized as characteristics. The composition of the herbaceous layer of these societies plays a relatively large role in the vegetation surveys .
Danger
The rock pear bushes are considered to be declining and are on the pre-warning list (level V) according to the Red List of Endangered Plant Societies in Germany. The causes named are fertilization of forests, meadows and fields, the destruction of small-scale special sites such as fringes or field edges, site destruction through the extraction of raw materials and excavations. Hunting, tourism and sporting activities also contribute to population reduction. Appropriate countermeasures are concepts that only provide for adapted use as well as measures that exclude any use.
supporting documents
- ↑ a b c d e f g Heinrich E. Weber : Bushes, hedges, herb edges. Ulmer Verlag 2003, ISBN 3-8001-4163-9 , pp. 100-103.
- ↑ a b c M.Moor: The rock pear bushes (Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum), a natural mantle society in the Jura in Phytocoenologia Volume 6 Issue 1-4 (1979), pages 388-402.
- ↑ a b Entry Berberidion , Lexikon der Biologie, Spektrum.de , accessed on April 29, 2019.
- ↑ a b c Federal Agency for Nature Conservation: Information on plant communities: Cotoneastro-Amelanchieretum , accessed on June 3, 2019.
