Red vetch

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Red vetch
Red vetch (Hippocrepis emerus)

Red vetch ( Hippocrepis emerus )

Systematics
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Loteae
Sub tribus : Coronillinae
Genre : Hippocrepis
Type : Red vetch
Scientific name
Hippocrepis emerus
( L. ) Let

The hippocrepis emerus ( Hippocrepis emerus ) ( Basionym Coronilla emerus L.) is a plant style of the genus Hippocrepis in the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). The species is also known as shrubby vetch , shrub vetch or shrubby horseshoe clover . Other common names are Scorpion Peltschen and Scorpion Vetch .

description

The deciduous shrub reaches heights between 50 and 150 centimeters and has angular green branches. The bare leaves are imparipinnate with five to nine obovate pinnate leaves. These are up to 2 centimeters long and green to dull grass green.

The yellow, nodding flowers are 14 to 20 millimeters long. The petals are "nailed", i. that is, they have a long stem ("nail") and a "plate". The nail becomes two to three times as long as the chalice .

The hanging, oblong-cylindrical legumes are 5 to 11 centimeters long and are hardly constricted. At maturity they break down into individual sections.

Flowering time is from April to June.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

Red vetch ( Hippocrepis emerus ) in Spain

Occurrence

The distribution area stretches from northeast Spain over the southern European countries to northern Europe and to Asia Minor and Tunisia .

Sunny, warm dry slopes, bushes, light forests and forest fringes are preferred as locations. The species likes to thrive on warm, dry or moderately dry, alkaline, mostly calcareous, neutral-mild, humus-rich, shallow or medium-sized stony loam or deep loess soils. It is a Berberidion association character in Central Europe, but also occurs in societies of the order Quercetalia pubescentis, the sub-association Cephalanthero-Fagenion or the Erico-Pinion association.

Systematics

The crown vetch occurs in two subspecies.

  • Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen subsp. emerus with one to five flowers per inflorescence, inflorescence stalk about as long as the leaves; Iberian Peninsula to the Balkans .
  • Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Greuter & Burdet with up to eight flowers per inflorescence, inflorescence stalks significantly longer; Southern Italy to Southwest Asia.

The subspecies Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emerus is also widespread in Austria . Is common in the Kalkwienerwald , otherwise scattered or rarely in all federal states.

Others

The crown vetch is also occasionally cultivated as an ornamental plant.

literature

  • Dankwart Seidel: Flowers on the Mediterranean. Determine accurately with the 3-check . BLV, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-405-16294-7 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Georg August Pritzel , Carl Jessen : The German folk names of plants. New contribution to the German linguistic treasure. Philipp Cohen, Hannover 1882, p. 113. ( online ).
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 604.

Web links

Commons : Red Vetch  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files