Hippocrepis
Hippocrepis | ||||||||||||
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![]() Common horseshoe clover ( Hippocrepis comosa ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Hippocrepis | ||||||||||||
L. |
Hippocrepis is a genus in the subfamily of Schmetterlingsblütler (Faboideae) within the family of the Leguminosae (Fabaceae). Some species are called horseshoe clover.
description
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Illustration_Hippocrepis_comosa0.jpg/220px-Illustration_Hippocrepis_comosa0.jpg)
Vegetative characteristics
Hippocrepis species are annual or perennial herbaceous plants or shrubs that reach very different heights. The imparipinnate leaves have three to many pairs of entire leaflets . Stipules are present.
Generative characteristics
The umbellate inflorescences contain small bracts , but no bracts . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope .
Flat legumes are formed, often with horseshoe-shaped limbs.
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Hippocrepis_emerus_fruits.jpg/220px-Hippocrepis_emerus_fruits.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Horseshoe_plant_on_Malta.jpg/220px-Horseshoe_plant_on_Malta.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Hippocrepis_unisiliquosa_Taub122c.png/220px-Hippocrepis_unisiliquosa_Taub122c.png)
Systematics and distribution
The genus Hippocrepis was established by Carl von Linné in 1753 . Type species is Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L. A synonym of Hippocrepis L. is Emerus Mill.
The species of the genus Hippocrepis are distributed in large parts of Europe , in the Mediterranean , in North Africa , on the Canary Islands , on the Cape Verde Islands , on the Arabian Peninsula and in Pakistan .
Per Lassen worked on the sub- tribus Coronillinae in 1989 , rearranging and delimiting the genera Coronilla , Hippocrepis and Securigera . For example, the crown vetch ( Coronilla emerus L. ) was placed in the genus Hippocrepis as Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen .
After the revision of 1989 there are 32 species in the genus Hippocrepis , these are in detail:
Persistent species:
- Hippocrepis atlantica Durieu ex Munby : It occurs only in Morocco , Algeria and Tunisia .
- Hippocrepis balearica Cav. ex Nyman : She is endemic to the Balearic Islands .
- Hippocrepis bourgaei Font Quer : Your home is Spain .
- Hippocrepis carpetana Lassen : The home is Spain.
- Hippocrepis commutata Pau : Your home is Spain.
- Common horseshoe clover ( Hippocrepis comosa L. ): The home is Europe, as a neophyte it also occurs in North America.
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Red vetch ( Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen ): It is widespread in Europe, North Africa , the Middle East and occurs as a neophyte in North America and Mauritius, for example. There are two subspecies:
- Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Greuter & Burdet ex Let (Syn .: Coronilla emeroides Boiss & Spruner. , Coronilla emerus subsp. emeroides (Boiss. & Spruner) Holmboe )
- Hippocrepis emerus subsp. emerus (Syn .: Coronilla emerus L. )
- Hippocrepis eriocarpa Boiss. : The home is Spain.
- Hippocrepis fruticescens Sennen : The home is Spain.
- Hippocrepis glauca Ten. : The homeland is the Balkan Peninsula and Italy including Sicily and Sardinia .
- Hippocrepis liouvillei Maire : It occurs only in Morocco.
- Hippocrepis monticola Durieu ex Lassen : The home is Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya.
- Hippocrepis rupestris Laza : The home is Spain.
- Hippocrepis scabra DC. : The home is Spain.
- Hippocrepis scorpioides Req. ex G.Bentham : The home is Spain and France .
- Hippocrepis squamata Coss. : The home is Spain.
- Hippocrepis toletana Pau : The home is Spain.
- Hippocrepis valentina Boiss. : The home is Spain.
Annual species:
- Hippocrepis areolata Desv. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia , Libya , Egypt and Israel .
- Hippocrepis biflora Spreng. : It occurs in southern Europe , northern Africa and western Asia .
- Hippocrepis bornmuelleri Hausskn. ex Bornm. : Its home is Iran .
- Hippocrepis brevipetala (Murb.) E. Dominguez : It occurs in Morocco and Tunisia.
- Eyelashed horseshoe clover ( Hippocrepis ciliata Willd. ): It occurs in southern Europe, south-eastern Europe , North Africa and the Middle East.
- Hippocrepis constricta Kunze : Home is North Africa, Cape Verde , Israel, the Arabian Peninsula , Iran and Pakistan .
- Hippocrepis cyclocarpa Murb. : The homeland is Crete , Tunisia, Libya and Egypt.
- Hippocrepis minor Munby : Their home is Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia.
- Polished horseshoe clover ( Hippocrepis multisiliquosa L. ): It is native to southern and southeastern Europe, North Africa and the Middle East.
- Hippocrepis neglecta Lassen : It occurs only in Morocco.
- Hippocrepis salzmannii Boiss. & Reut. : It occurs only in Spain and Morocco.
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Single-pod horseshoe clover ( Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L. ): It occurs in Greece , Crete and Sicily, in the Aegean Sea , on Cyprus , in Western Asia, in Tunisia, Egypt, on the Sinai Peninsula , in Iraq and in Iran. There are the subspecies:
- Hippocrepis unisiliquosa subsp. armena Lassen
- Hippocrepis unisiliquosa subsp. bisiliqua (Forssk.) Bornm.
- Hippocrepis unisiliquosa L. subsp. unisiliquosa
literature
- Syed Irtifaq Ali: Hippocrepis. s.str., p. 318 - at efloras online , Hippocrepis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis In: Syed Irtifaq Ali (ed.): Flora of West Pakistan 100: Papilionaceae. Stewart Herbarium, Rawalpindi 1977. (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
- ^ Hippocrepis at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 20, 2015.
- ↑ Per Lassen: A new delimitation of the genera Coronilla, Hippocrepis and Securigera (Fabaceae). In: Willdenowia. Volume 19, No. 1, 1989, pp. 49-62, JSTOR 3996918 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac Data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.
Web links
- Hippocrepis in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.