Crown peas
Crown peas | ||||||||||||
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Blue-green vetch ( Coronilla valentina var. Glauca ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Coronilla | ||||||||||||
L. |
The Crown Vetch ( Coronilla ) form a genus of plants in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of the leguminous plants (Fabaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
Crown vetch species are shrubs or perennial , rarely annual , herbaceous plants . The sitting or short stalked leaves are pinnate unpaired. Rarely (in the Scorpion Vetch ( Coronilla scorpiodes )) only one leaflet is present. The leaflets have their entire margins rounded or marginalized, almost heart-shaped and often of a blue-green color. The stipules are free or fused.
Generative characteristics
The nodding, golden inflorescences stand on clear inflorescence shafts . The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is wide-bellied, more or less two-lipped. Laterally the sepals are covered with short triangular teeth. The five petals are long nailed and yellow, rarely white. The corolla has the typical shape of the butterfly flowers . The shuttle is strongly curved. The top stamen is always free.
The sitting legumes are broken fruit with multiple seeds , they are straight or slightly curved and, after ripening, disintegrate into single-seeded limbs (limb pods).
ecology
The pollination type is a pumping mechanism. The club-shaped swollen stamens form a piston that presses the pollen out of the flower if the boat and wings are burdened by an insect.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Coronilla was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné . Type species is Coronilla valentina L. Coronilla is the deminutive of Spanish corona for "the crown"; So the little crown means , after the beautiful yellow, like the prongs of a crown united into umbels, single flowers. Synonyms for Coronilla L. are: Artrolobium Desv. , Bonaveria Scop.
Per Lassen worked on the sub- tribus Coronillinae in 1989 , rearranging and delimiting the genera Coronilla , Hippocrepis and Securigera . For example, the red vetch ( Coronilla emerus L. ) was placed in the genus Hippocrepis as Hippocrepis emerus (L.) Lassen and the red vetch ( Coronilla varia L. ) in the genus Securigera as Securigera varia (L.) Lassen .
The genus Coronilla is distributed over large parts of Europe , in western Asia and in northeastern Africa . The center of diversity is in southern Europe , which means that most species are native there.
After editing in 1989, nine species remain in the genus Coronilla , in detail:
- Mountain vetch ( Coronilla coronata L. , Syn .: Coronilla montana Jacq. )
- Rush-like crown vetch ( Coronilla juncea L. ): It occurs in southern Europe and in North Africa.
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Small crown vetch ( Coronilla minima L. , Syn .: Coronilla fruticans Jord. ): It occurs in southern Europe, in North Africa and in Switzerland. With the subspecies:
- Coronilla minima subsp. lotoides (WDJKoch) Nyman (Syn .: Coronilla lotoides W.DJKoch , Coronilla minima var. australis Gren. & Godr. )
- Coronilla minima subsp. minimum
- Coronilla ramosissima ball : it occurs in Morocco.
- Coronilla repanda (Poir.) Cast. (Syn .: Ornithopus repandus Poir. ): It occurs in southern Europe, in North Africa, on Cyprus and in the Middle East.
- Scorpion vetch , also scorpion herb ( Coronilla scorpioides (L.) WDJKoch , Syn .: Ornithopus scorpioides L. ): It occurs in southern Europe, in North Africa, in West Asia, also in North America.
- Vaginal vetch ( Coronilla vaginalis Lam. , Syn .: Artrolobium vaginalis (Lam.) Desv. ): It occurs in Central and Southern Europe.
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Valencia crown vetch or Valance shrub vetch ( Coronilla valentina L. ): It occurs in southern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa and is a neophyte in Kenya, Great Britain and the USA. With the subspecies:
- Blue-green Kronwicke ( Coronilla Valentina subsp. Glauca (L.) Batt. , Syn .: Coronilla argentea L. , Coronilla glauca L. )
- Coronilla valentina subsp. pentaphylla (Desf.) Batt. (Syn .: Coronilla pentaphylla Desf. )
- Coronilla valentina subsp. valentina
- Coronilla viminalis Salisb. : It occurs in Morocco.
literature
- Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi (Hrsg.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 3 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Rosidae): Droseraceae to Fabaceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1992, ISBN 3-8001-3314-8 .
- VH Heywood , PW Ball: Leguminosae : Coronilla , pp. 182-184. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea. , Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae. 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X . limited preview in Google Book search
Individual evidence
- ^ Linnaeus scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1753 .
- ^ Coronilla at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 22, 2015.
- ^ A b Per Lassen: A new delimitation of the genera Coronilla, Hippocrepis and Securigera (Fabaceae). In: Willdenowia. Volume 19, No. 1, 1989, pp. 49-62, JSTOR 3996918 .
- ↑ a b c d e f g data sheet at International Legume Database Information Service = ILDIS - LegumeWeb - World Database of Legumes , Version 10.38 from July 20, 2010.