Feodor Ivanovich Kalmuck

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Feodor Iwanowitsch Kalmück (Self-Portrait 1815)

Feodor Iwanowitsch (* around 1767 in Russia ; † January 27, 1832 in Karlsruhe ), called Kalmück ( Russian Фёдор Иванович Калмык ), was a Kalmuck- German painter and engraver . He called himself Feodor Ivannoff, that's how he is listed in the Karlsruhe address books, that's how he signed his will.

life and work

Feodor Ivannoff was probably born on the Russian- Mongolian border. When the Kalmyks returned to the old settlement area on the Altai , he was captured by Cossacks in 1770 and brought as a serf to St. Petersburg at the Tsar's court of Catherine II . There he was baptized and given his name. In 1773, Katharina gave the page boy to the Great Landgravine Karoline von Hessen-Darmstadt (1721–1774), who was visiting Petersburg . Feodor traveled with them to Darmstadt in their wake. After the Landgravine's surprising death in March 1774, her daughter Friederike Amalie (1754–1832) took care of him . On the occasion of her marriage to the Baden Hereditary Prince Karl Ludwig (1755-1818), the eldest son of Margrave Karl Friedrich von Baden (1728-1811), Feodor came to Karlsruhe in the same year. He received his education partly in Karlsruhe, partly at the Philanthropinum Marschlins .

Feodor Ivannoff's artistic talent was soon recognized at the Karlsruhe court and he was trained by the court painters Joseph Melling and Philipp Jakob Becker . The focus was on drawing and engraving . Supported by recommendations from his teachers, Feodor Ivannoff was then able to go on a study trip to Italy . He used the nine years from 1791, most of which he spent in Rome , to study classical antiquity and the great painters and sculptors of the Italian Renaissance , especially Ghibertis , Michelangelo and Raphael .

Feodor Ivannoff created drawings and copperplate engravings from many ancient works. It was known for its precision and detailed reproduction. In 1800 he traveled with five other artists, including the Italian painter Giovanni Battista Lusieri (1755-1821) and the Italian architectural draftsman Sebastiano Ittar (1768-1847), to Athens to order the Acropolis and the British Lord Elgin (1766-1841) to document other ancient temples in pictures and to take plaster casts of figures and relief panels. Lord Elgin then went a step further and between 1801 and 1803 had large parts of the sculptural jewelry, the frieze and the metopes of the Parthenon, the so-called Elgin Marbles , shipped to London , a company that earned him a lot of criticism during his lifetime.

In 1803 Feodor Ivannoff also traveled to London, where he was supposed to etch around 100 drawings made in Athens. This did not happen, however, as Lord Elgin was held for several years in France as Napoleon's prisoner of war on his way home. Feodor Ivannoff left London in 1805 unsuccessful and returned to Karlsruhe via Paris in 1806, where he was appointed court painter by Elector Karl Friedrich. As such, he played a key role in the decoration of the Evangelical City Church in Karlsruhe : He created a cycle of images from the life of Jesus Christ, which was completed after his death by Franz Joseph Zoll .

Court painter Feodor Ivannoff died in Karlsruhe in 1832 at the age of about 65.

Feodor Ivannoff was mainly a draftsman and portrait artist. He painted less often in oil. Shaped by the zeitgeist and through his long stay in Rome, he developed a predilection for motifs from Greek and Roman antiquity as well as for religious themes from the Renaissance. Among other things, he created an eleven-part series of engravings from Lorenzo Ghiberti's bronze door to paradise at the Baptistery of San Giovanni in Florence. His Descent from the Cross, based on an ivory relief attributed to Michelangelo, is also considered a successful example of his artistic work .

On February 5, 2017, an episode of the NDR's Lieb & Teuer program was broadcast, moderated by Janin Ullmann and filmed in Reinbek Castle . In it, an illustrated book with 12 copper engravings by Ivanoff of the Florentine Door of Paradise was discussed with the antiquarian Daniel Schramm , which was published by the sculptor Heinrich Keller in Rome in 1798.

Works (selection)

  • Paradise door after Lorenzo Ghiberti
  • Descent from the Cross after Michelangelo
  • Paris, hit by Hector among women
  • David plays in front of Saul
  • The angel comforts Hagar
  • A series of engravings with Ganymede motifs based on ancient models
  • Hippolytus sarcophagus after the relief on the Hippolytos Phaedra sarcophagus, Agrigento, Sicily
  • Numerous drawings of the metopes of the Parthenon
  • Numerous portrait drawings, including by Friedrich Weinbrenner and Johann Peter Hebel
  • several bacchanalia
  • Paintings on the gallery parapets of the Evangelical City Church in Karlsruhe (scenes from the life of Christ) (destroyed in World War II)

literature

Web links

Commons : Fedor Ivanovich Kalmyck  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karlsruhe: Badische Landesbibliothek, address books 1818–1832.
  2. ↑ General State Archives Karlsruhe, 206 / 1300–1305.
  3. ↑ Ulrike Leuschner, Rainer Maaß: Journal du voyage en Russie. Marianne von Löw's diary of the Great Landgravine of Hesse-Darmstadt's trip to Russia in 1773 . Ed .: Sources and research on Hessian history 171.Darmstadt / Marburg 2015, ISBN 978-3-88443-326-3 , p. 139 .
  4. ^ Velte: Life and work of the Baden court painter Feodor Iwanowitsch Kalmück . S. ? .
  5. ↑ Heinrich Keller in :: Roman diary I . Ed .: Schottky, Julius Max. Kunsthaus Zürich, Graphic Collection, P – 182 1835, p. especially sheet 122 .
  6. ↑ Tatter, Georg Ernst: letter of 22 December 1792 J. Fr. Blumenbach, in: . Ed .: Klatt, Norbert. Crumbs for Blumenbach research. Göttingen 2012, p. 222 .
  7. ^ Letter of November 30, 1799 from the English diplomat William Richard Hamilton to Lord Elgin, in: Luciana Gallo: Lord Elgin and Ancient Greek Architecture. The Elgin Drawings at the British Museum , Cambridge / New York 2009, ISBN 978-0-521-88163-0 , p. 84.
  8. ↑ Munich, Allgemeine Zeitung of May 9, 1803, p. 515. See AH Smith: Lord Elgin and his Collection . In: The Journal of Hellenic Studies 36, 1916, pp. 163-372; William St. Clair: Lord Elgin and the Marbles . London / New York / Toronto 1967.
  9. ^ Velte: Life and work of the Baden court painter Feodor Iwanowitsch Kalmück . S. ? .
  10. ^ Velte: Life and work of the Baden court painter Feodor Iwanowitsch Kalmück . S. ? .
  11. ↑ "He is an excellent draftsman, his compositions in crayon and with the pen are characteristic and rich in imagination. He takes no time or effort for oil paintings." Meißner, Alfred: Norbert Norson. Living and Loving in Rome 1810–1811, Zurich 1883, p. 195
  12. ↑ Schottky, Julius Max: The contours of Ghibertischen doors to Florence,: . In: Echo. Magazine for literature, art and life in Italy . February 7, 1835.
  13. ^ Velte: Life and work of the Baden court painter Feodor Iwanowitsch Kalmück . S. ? .
  14. ↑ Video photo book about the Florentine door of paradise on ndr.de (repeated on May 12, 2019)
  15. ↑ Information on the episode
personal data
SURNAME Kalmück, Feodor Ivanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Ivanovich, Feodor; Kalmuck; Feodor; Kalmück, Feodor Ivannoff; Калмык, Фёдор Иванович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Kalmuck-German painter and engraver
DATE OF BIRTH around 1767
PLACE OF BIRTH Russia
DATE OF DEATH January 27, 1832
Place of death Karlsruhe