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Fernseea itatiaiae , illustration from Wawra: Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift , Volume 30, 1880, Plate 19 |
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Fernseea is a genus of plants from the bromeliad family(Bromeliaceae). The two species are endemic in the border area of the Brazilian states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo .
description
The Fernseea species are perennial herbaceous plants that clump together in several clumps. Both types are xerophytic . Fernseea bocainensis usually grows epiphytically and Fernseea itatiaiae grows terrestrially. The stem axis is compressed. The alternate arranged in a basal rosette leaves form a funnel which narrows towards the top and almost acts bottle-shaped; But it is by no means a pseudobulb , as is seldom claimed , because the stem axis is not involved. The leaf sheath is short and glabrous. The parallel-veined leaf blades are narrow-linear, 15 to 40 centimeters long and ends in a spiky tip. The underside of the leaf is weakly scaled. The leaf margin is serrated thorn.
The inflorescence shaft has up to the top, mostly red, bracts . A terminal, simple, racemose inflorescence with many flowers is formed. The most short-stalked flowers are radial symmetry and threefold with a double flower envelope . The three free, narrow elliptical sepals are 7 millimeters long. The three free petals are cloudy purple to pink in color. The stamens are enclosed during the flowering phase, otherwise free-standing. The pollen is furrowed. Three carpels have grown together to form a relatively large, subordinate ovary. There are numerous ovules without appendages.
It produces fleshy, pea-sized berries . The relatively large seeds, like all Bromelioideae, have no appendages.
Systematics and distribution
The position of the genus Fernseea within the subfamily Bromelioideae is discussed. It could be that the revision of the genus Bromelia results in the two Fernseea species being incorporated into the genus Bromelia .
The genus Fernseea was established in 1889 by the English botanist John Gilbert Baker in Handbook of the Bromeliaceae , 19. It was named in honor of the Austrian botanist Heinrich Wawra von Fernsee . The type specimens of the type species were collected by Heinrich Wawra von Fernsee on the Brazilian mountain Itatiaia, from which the specific epithet itatiaiae is derived, and he described them in 1880 as Bromelia itatiaiae Wawra in Oesterreichische Botanische Zeitschrift , 30, p. 114; this is now a synonym for Fernseea itatiaiae (Wawra) Baker , another synonym is Aechmea stenophylla Baker . The holotype material is destroyed, but it is well documented by an illustration.
It was not until 1983 that Edmundo Pereira and José Luiz de Araújo Moutinho Neto described a second species of Fernseea bocainensis in Bradea ( Boletim do Herbarium Bradeanum , Rio de Janeiro), Volume 3, 38, p. 344 .
The only two species occur in the Serra da Mantiqueira in the northwestern state of Rio de Janeiro and in the neighboring state of São Paulo :
- Fernseea bocainensis E. Pereira & Moutinho : It was found in Brazil in the coastal rainforest of the border area between the states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo in the "Serra do Bocaina" at altitudes of around 1200 meters and mostly grows epiphytically .
- Fernseea itatiaiae (Wawra) Baker : The only known localities for this species are still the border area between the states of Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro on Monte Itatiaia in the unforested summit region at altitudes between 2000 and 2994 meters; there it grows terrestrially. The habitat is the alpine zone at altitudes between 2000 and almost 3000 meters. They tolerate frost down to −6 ° C.
swell
- Lyman Bradford Smith , Robert Jack Downs: Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae). In: Flora Neotropica , Monograph No. 14, Part 3, 1979, Fernseea at 1496.
- Werner Rauh : Bromeliads - Tillandsias and other bromeliads worthy of culture. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 1990, ISBN 3-8001-6371-3 . P. 383.
- Edmundo Pereira , José Luiz de Araújo Moutinho Neto : Bradea ( Boletim do Herbarium Bradeanum , Rio de Janeiro), 3, 38, 1983, p. 344.
- Katharina Schulte, Michael HJ Barfuss, Georg Zizka : Phylogeny of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA loci reveals the evolution of the tank habit within the subfamily. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 51, Issue 2, May 2009, pp. 327-339.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Klaus Kubitzki, Herbert Huber: Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae) . S. 93. Springer, 1998. ISBN 9783540640615
- ↑ Raquel Fernandes Monteiro: Estudos anatômicos e filogenéticos em Bromelia L. (Bromeliaceae, Bromelioideae) , Dissertação (mestrado) - Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro / Escola Nacional de Botânica Tropical , 2009: Online.
- ↑ Katharina Schulte, Michael HJ Barfuss, Georg Zizka: Phylogeny of Bromelioideae (Bromeliaceae) inferred from nuclear and plastid DNA loci reveals the evolution of the tank habit within the subfamily. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 51, Issue 2, May 2009, pp. 327-339.
- ^ Baker scanned in at biodiversitylibrary.org in 1889 .
- ↑ Jason R. Grant: An Annotated Catalog Of The Generic Names of the Bromeliaceae. In: Selbyana , Volume 19, 1, 1998, pp. 91-121. ( Memento of the original from February 3, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ a b In “Species Index” click on Fernseea in Eric J. Gouda, Derek Butcher, Kees Gouda: Encyclopaedia of Bromeliads , Version 3.1 (2012). last accessed on December 3, 2014
