Alder Ground

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Exclave Erlengrund in 1974 - Photo on an information pillar in Falkenhagener Feld between Berlin and Brandenburg

Coordinates: 52 ° 35 ′ 13 ″  N , 13 ° 12 ′ 49 ″  E

Map: Berlin
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Alder Ground
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Berlin

The Erlengrund is located directly on the Havel in the Berlin district of Hakenfelde in the Spandau district . It is still north of the Bürgerablage and there are two weekend settlements on the area. The arbor colony 'Erlengrund' was - like the neighboring 'Fichtewiese' - a Berlin exclave until 1988 , surrounded by Brandenburg . From 1961 to 1988, these weekend colonies were separated from what was then West Berlin by the Berlin Wall and "walled in", making their property only accessible to the settlers to a limited extent.

history

The 'Fichtewiese' colony owned by the Sports and Weekend Community Association in 1921 had leased 3.6 hectares of land south of the Papenberge from a Gatower farmer for their association's  premises and bought the area in 1937. The meadow was named after the Fichte workers' sports club . In 1928 the arbor colony consisted of a meadow area that was marshy in the western area and to which an eastern corner of trees belonged, which enabled access from the Havel riverside path. The area lay outside of the soft image boundary of Berlin, so since 1920 outside the city area. Responsible for planning law was the community of Nieder Neuendorf , from 1923 Hennigsdorf in the Osthavelland district .

The arbor colony 'Erlengrund' occupies an area of ​​0.6 hectares directly on the western bank of the Havel, also south of the Papenberge and was north of Spandau's city limits. It was organized by the 'weekend community Erlengrund e. V. ' leased and later the settlers bought the land.

The Prussian land surveying and reorganization from the years 1865–1868 allocated land outside the place of residence of its owner for tax and legal purposes to the municipality in which the owner lived. The agriculturally barely usable land of both colonies was owned by a taxpayer from Gatow before the lease and thus belonged to Gatow for tax purposes and officially. As a result of this affiliation, the areas came to the Spandau administrative district when Greater Berlin was formed in 1920 , although they were outside the city limits. The same situation also applied to other Berlin exclaves. In the Free State of Prussia , this peculiarity played no role for the tenants until the end of the Second World War . With the takeover of the occupation rights, the Spandau area belonged to the British sector from 1945 . The exclaves lay through the state border in the Soviet Zone . In 1952 the Soviet rights went to the GDR , whereby - as in Staaken - the separation of Berlin from the surrounding area was fixed by the takeover of the GDR police power .

For the tenants of the arboreal colonies, the organizational assignment of their land changed from (West) Berlin to GDR territory. In 1952 they were "all thrown from the site once". After consultation with the "Eastern Authorities", this was lifted after a short time with some restrictions. For example, even before the wall was built , in June 1958, the GDR authorities introduced “opening times for the passage”. The access conditions to the colonies became much more difficult after the Berlin Wall was built around the existing area of ​​the three western sectors. As a result, the West Berlin users of the weekend community Erlengrund e. V. and the neighboring sports and weekend community 1921 e. V. Direct free access to the Fichtewiese is denied. The colony boundary had become the state border .

The colony area could only be reached via a separate paved path between an enclosing wall. The users had to be in possession of a pass and could reach the area at fixed times after registering with the border troops of the GDR . The passage was only possible on foot and was monitored. Visitors had to be registered on a long-term basis and were “maybe” confirmed. The colony area was cordoned off from the surrounding GDR territory by a “separate” wall. This wall had a pedestrian gate with a bell at the point of the access road at the level of the Spandau border (this became the “state border” here).

Through an exchange of territory between West Berlin and the GDR, the exclaves were connected to the West Berlin district of Spandau on July 1, 1988. Due to the parallel shift of the Berlin city limits in Spandau by an average of 250 meters to the north, 15.0 hectares with the two colonies affected were clearly part of the Spandau district. The western boundary was drawn 200 meters on the western edge of the Fichtewiese and then almost at right angles on the northern edge to the center of the Havel. This gave the colonists free access to their properties.

Weekend settlements in Spandau

The area Fichtewiese / Erlengrund north of the Bürgerablage has been part of the Hakenfelde district since the expansion through the exchange of areas . 4.2 hectares of the Havel's water surface are of the area increase . In both cases, the settlers are the owners and not just tenants of the land. With the status of the 'weekend settlement', colonies in the Spandau district are not subject to the allotment garden law and its restrictions, for example in the permitted area of ​​the gazebos of 24 m².

The weekend settlement 'Fichtewiese' ( Niederneuendorfer Allee 84) is located around the central wet meadow with 60 settlement plots with bungalows on an area of ​​35,810 m².

The weekend settlement 'Erlengrund' (Niederneuendorfer Allee 83) is located directly on the banks of the Havel with 36 parcels on a total area of ​​6290 m².

According to the settlers, property crimes began in 1988 with the free access to Spandau and the elimination of the wall's enclosure. In 2009, irritations arose with the Senate Administration about the 600 m² of the former post corridor, which the settlers used as an access route. The Berlin authorities (especially the Spandau Nature Conservation Office) have also been demanding the right to the mostly 60 centimeter wide shoreline (around 1000 m² in total) on the Havel since 2004.

To commemorate the unusual situation of the Berlin colonies as exclaves on the territory of Nieder Neuendorf and the associated wall problem, two streets were named in the Aalemannufer residential area that was built in Hakenfelde from 1994 : Zum Erlengrund and Zu den Fichtewiesen . In the area of ​​the former exclaves there are memorial plaques of the Berlin Wall Trail .

Web links

Commons : Erlengrund (Berlin-Hakenfelde)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Photos of the exclaves:

Individual evidence

  1. Erlengrund FIS Broker (map of Berlin 1: 5000 (K5 color edition)) of the Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment Berlin
  2. a b official map of the city ​​map of Berlin , sheet 4356 from 1929 ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.histomapberlin.de
  3. a b Nieder-Neuendorfer Weg . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1943, IV. Part, p. 1240. “Nieder-Neuendorfer Allee, Teufelseekanal, Papenberger Weg / Left side (odd, west) 1: Construction site, 3–7: Bewag Berlin, Forest / Right side (even , East): 2–6: Bewag Berlin, Bauschke'sches Haus, Haus Havelbaum, property owned by the Berliner Elektrowerke, forest, access to Bürgerablage, Waldklause, forest, Nieder-Neuendorf district ”.
  4. Klaus Euhausen: Nieder Neuendorf - On the history of a Brandenburg village , 2020, pp. 87–94.
  5. Jump up area 25 years ago Lenné triangle: My corner, your corner . In: Der Tagesspiegel , April 22, 2014
  6. Overview plan of the administrative district Spandau . In: Berliner Adreßbuch , 1922, Teil IV., P. 1148 (The situation of the colonies as exclaves is on the northern border of Spandau between the Havel and Bötzowbahn between the Bürger-Ablage station and Papaneberge. This map also shows the exclave location of Teufelsbruch, the great Kuhlake, Laßzinswiesen).
  7. a b c The collective fights . In: Berliner Morgenpost , December 7, 2009
  8. Idyll behind the wall. In: Berliner Zeitung , October 11, 2014
  9. Official maps of the city ​​map of Berlin , sheet 4356 from 1974 ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.histomapberlin.de
  10. a b official maps of the city ​​map of Berlin , sheet 4356 from 1988 ( Memento of the original from November 16, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.histomapberlin.de
  11. FIS-Broker map display map of Berlin 1: 5000 (K5 color edition). Manufactured by the district land surveyors
  12. ^ WES Fichtewiese FIS Broker (map of Berlin 1: 5000 (K5 color edition)) of the Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment Berlin
  13. The former exclaves Fichtewiese and Erlengrund in Berlin
  14. WES Erlengrund FIS Broker (map of Berlin 1: 5000 (K5 color edition)) of the Senate Department for Urban Development and Environment Berlin
  15. Mandy Oys: Erlengrund and Fichtewiese - Berlin's allotment gardeners once in the middle of the GDR, today right on the Wall Cycle Path. In: Märkische Oderzeitung , July 28, 2010.