Findorff settlements

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As Findorff settlements , those settlements of state Moor colonization between Weser and Elbe referred to in the local bogs completed according to the opinion of the Chamber Secretary Augsburg and upper bailiff Jacobi from 1749 by the royal government, represented by the Rentkammer have been built . The first two settlements Neu St. Jürgen and Wörpedorf were tackled in 1751 and the last foundations took place until around 1860. Jürgen Christian Findorff did not participate in the first settlements and only gradually grew into the conception and practical implementation. The first settlement in which he demonstrably worked was from 1759 Ostersode . This was the fifth settlement. Findorff died in 1792 and the settlements built after him are named after him. There are around 100 settlements.

Features of the settlements

The Findorff settlement is a "wide-striped row village with a yard connection (Hufendorf)" and "resulted more or less inevitably from the technology of measuring land for settlement purposes". Ideally, the settlement was laid out in such a way that the houses on the edge of the raised bog stood on dry land and the hooves were drained via ditches into the canal that emptied into a stream. This was where the pastures for the cattle lay. Their size was 50 Calenberg acres (2621 m²). In contrast to the feudal settlements, which were built on the previously dug navigable canals and paved areas, the Findorff settlements arose in the raised bogs, which were in "sound skin". Under supervision, the settlers had to dig the drainage ditches in the receiving waters (streams and rivers) and the border ditches themselves. Since the ditches could only be brought to the necessary width and depth step by step, the settlers had to bring the building material for their huts and houses on their backs into the moor. The moor was not even passable for wheelbarrows . That is why only very primitive cottages could initially be built. Only later was peat barge shipping possible on the trenches.

The planning

Plan of the so-called Rummeldeis Moor and the new village Ostersode divided into 25 places

Due to the pressure caused by the disorderly settlement of the moors, the officials of the offices with moors ( Ottersberg , Lilienthal , Bremervörde and Osterholz) asked the Royal Chamber in Hanover to act. In 1742 the Diede zum Fürstenstein secret council visited the short moor east of the Wörpe and convinced itself that arable farming is possible in the moor. The Lilienthal bailiff Anton Friedrich Meiners prepared a comprehensive report on this subject in the same year. In March 1749 the survey of the moors was accomplished. In order to be able to lead the border negotiations with the Geest and older moor villages to plan the new settlements, the senior magistrate Jacobi from Springe and the chamber secretary Augspurg from the royal chamber in Hanover were sent to the moor to investigate the conditions there. Their report indicated that the border negotiations would be very difficult and not free of conflict. On August 22nd and 23rd, 1549, the chamber and the government in Stade worked out guidelines for the settlement of the moors in Agathenburg Castle . On December 20, the officials Arnold Friedrich Meyer (Bremervörde) and Konrad Friedrich Meiners (Osterholz) were entrusted with the task of settling the moors. Your first task was the border negotiations with the Geestrand communities. For the concrete planning of the settlements, the Rentkammer in Hanover had issued the "Instructions for the treatment and execution of the moor culture and operational matters".

The first settlements

Applicants for the new settlements in Hüttenbusch should be present between August 1 and 4, 1751 . They still had a free choice and wanted to settle on the Abelhüttenberg behind Hüttenbusch and on the Wörpe. The bailiffs agreed. This is how Neu St. Jürgen and Wörpedorf came into being and 96 positions were filled by autumn 1752. In Eickedorf , all positions could only be filled many years later. The fourth settlement, Heudorf, was severely affected in its beginnings by the stubborn and tangible resistance of the Breddorfer , so that work could not begin here until 1755 and was repeatedly disrupted. See.

Jürgen Christian Findorff and the settlement activity

The first evidence of Findorff's activity in the moor is a "general chart of the cultivated carrots documented in the Ambte Ottersberg, Lilienthal, Osterholz and Bremervörde", which he copied in 1753. He was a conductor and very versatile. In 1756 he was in charge of building supervision at the Worpsweder Church.

In 1759, Findorff became district bailiff in Neuenkirchen and was involved in the planning for the fifth settlement in Ostersode from the start. These begin with the very difficult negotiations of the Bremer Privy Council, which as a representative of the Chamber in Hanover had been heavily involved in peat colonization since 1755, with the residents of Vollersode and Wallhöfen. Findorff had made a sketch for this and was supposed to explain the circumstances to the negotiating partner on the spot. After the negotiations have been concluded, the Osterholz office is commissioned by the chamber to build the settlement. On the instructions of the Chamber, Findorff is to be entrusted with the excavations for the divorce, border and drainage ditches under the supervision of the office. According to an invoice made by Findorff, this happened between June 11th and 18th, 1760. Findorff allocated the building lots to the growers on August 11th and 12th. Findorff then took on more responsibility for the foundations of Rautendorf and Schmalenbeck that followed. That probably had something to do with the weaker bailiff in the Ottersberg district.

Ostendorf was founded in 1764 under the management of the Bremervörde Office. On the occasion of the moor conference in 1765, the Bremervörde office suggested the engineer lieutenant Wape to measure the Ostemoor. But Findorff took over the work himself, apparently because he was tempted to settle a larger area based on his experience with the concept he had now developed. In the summer of 1767 he carried out the survey. Mehedorf was established in 1777 and Iselersheim , Hönau and Neuendamm in 1780 (Amt Brv). In 1769 the elaborations on all topics of the moor settlement emerged, which were later summarized under the name "moor catechism". They show how knowledgeable Findorff now approaches his work in the moor. In 1772 Findorff was appointed moor commissioner and thus received a permanent position and from 1775 a salary of 300 Reichstalers annually.

The moor colonization in Hellweger or Tüchtener Moor was the last major project that Findorff dedicated himself to. Findorff examined the moor around today's village of Posthausen in 1785. In 1790 and 1791 he visited the local moor several times to get the settlement going. The visit to Hellweger Moor on November 1st and 2nd was Findorff's last work outside. In 1792 Wümmingen, Rothlake and Posthausen were founded. As in the time before Findorff's death, even after his death, settlements emerged in the moors between Bremen and Bremervörde according to his plans as part of the Electoral Hanoverian moor colonization. B. Augustendorf in 1828.

Number of Findorff settlements

The number of Findorff settlements is based on which settlements were established in the moors between the Weser and Elbe as part of the Electoral Hanoverian colonization and were then under state supervision. Information about this is given in Appendix III, "Tabular information on the state of the moor culture in the four named offices of the Duchy of Bremen in 1824", the card "General Charte of the Herzoglich Bremen and Verdenschen offices and courts of Ottersberg, Osterholz, Lilienthal, Bremervörde, Rotenburg and Achim belegenen Mööre ", by Friedrich Findorf 1795. The information to be found there is supplemented by the information provided by the settlements in question (e.g. Meinershagen and Augustendorf). The delimitation made is essentially the same as that made by Müller-Scheessel.

literature

  • Karl Lilienthal, Jürgen Christian Findorff's Erbe, Heidberg 1931
  • Karsten Müller-Scheessel, Jürgen Christian Findorff and the Kurhannoversche moor colonization in the 18th century, Diss., Hildesheim 1975
  • Heinz Ellenberg, Farmhouse and Landscape from an Ecological and Historical Perspective, Stuttgart 1990
  • The Findorff Brothers, ed. v. Lilienthaler Kunststiftung Monika and Hans Adolf Cordes, Bremen 2012
  • Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition 2013

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition 2013, pp. 6 / 7ff
  2. ↑ Heinz Ellenberg, Farmhouse and Landscape in Ecological and Historical View, Stuttgart 1990, p. 178
  3. ↑ Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition 2013, 41ff
  4. ↑ Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition 2013 on pages 48ff
  5. ↑ Karsten Müller-Scheessel, Jürgen Christian Findorff and the Kurhannoversche moor colonization in the 18th century, Diss., Hildesheim 1975
  6. ↑ Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition. 2013 inside pocket
  7. ↑ Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition 2013, p. 56f
  8. ↑ Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition 2013, p. 57
  9. ↑ Wolfgang Konukiewitz / Dieter Weiser, The Findorff settlements in the Teufelsmoor near Worpswede, Bremen, 2nd edition 2013, p. 58f
  10. ↑ Karsten Müller-Scheessel, Jürgen Christian Findorff and the Kurhannoversche moor colonization in the 18th century, Diss., Hildesheim 1975