Fischkombinat Rostock
The Rostock Fischkombinat was a state - owned company located in Rostock , which operated the entire deep-sea fishing in the GDR . In Kombinat numerous the fishing, processing and trading establishments were summarized. The home port of the GDR's deep-sea fishing fleet was in the Rostock district of Marienehe . At times the fish combine had over 8,000 employees, including over 4,000 in the field of traveling staff.
history
1945 to 1949
After the end of the Second World War , because of the lack of food , Order No. 11 of January 11, 1946, issued by the Soviet occupying power, created the conditions for the revival of fishing in the Baltic Sea for East German fishermen. The fishermen were allowed to go back beyond the coastal zones. The great difficulty in the eastern Baltic Sea was that there were no deep-sea fishermen here before the war and therefore no ocean-going ships and equipment existed, only a few small fish halls from the period from 1919 to 1925 in the city harbor . Deep sea fishing was carried out exclusively from West German ports. Small fishing vessels were painstakingly repaired.
In February 1946 the fishery department of the administration for trade and supply was founded. The powers of fishing were transferred to the district administrators and mayors. The state government appointed responsible persons for the fishery, fisheries control and other administrations for the fishery were established and on February 1, 1946 all fishermen had received a fishing plan in which the target was set. Buying points were created whose duty it was to record the fishermen's catch and to supply the population with fish. The first cooperatives were formed that procured and sold fuel and operating materials and processed fish. The catches were small due to the lack of technology, but mostly gill nets and fishing rods were used, rarely trawls .
Order No. 233 of the SMAD of October 1947 stipulated the construction of 50 new cutters , but only three could be completed on the given date. In 1948 a new order was issued to build 20 cutters. On February 7, 1949, 12 cutters in Saßnitz were transferred into public ownership, which previously belonged to the cooperative fishing association and were located on Dänholm near Stralsund . In addition, 11 cutters from West Germany were bought. The cutters formed the fleet of the VEB Ostseefischerei Mecklenburg, founded on January 1, 1949 and based in Saßnitz. On May 1, 1949, the VVB Fischwirtschaft Saßnitz was formed. It was subordinate to the German Economic Commission for the state-owned industry in Berlin and was responsible for the state-owned fishing and fish processing.
It quickly became clear that the ambitious planned goals could not be achieved with the small and outdated cutters. On November 17, 1949, the Rostock city council proposed to build a port and operation for deep-sea fishing on the site of the destroyed and dismantled Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke in Marienehe. Because of the favorable conditions on the Unterwarnow for the construction of a port, the proposal was accepted and the Wismar and Stralsund sites were rejected. The site was cleared, a fish hall and a repair shop built for the ships that began dredging for the port expansion.
1950 to 1959
In 1950 the VEB Hochseefischerei Rostock was founded and received four loggers that had to temporarily moor in Saßnitz. On June 19, 1950, a catch was cleared for the first time in Rostock at the Bramower slaughterhouse.
The new ice cream factory went into operation in March 1951, delivering 50 tons of ice cream per day. The first outer section of the fishing port and the first fish hall went into operation on May 1, 1951, the second on June 28, 1952. In the summer of 1951, the loggers drove into the Barents Sea for the first time . On September 1, 1951, the company vocational school started teaching, on February 1, 1952, the new vocational school building was ready to move into, and in March the construction of an apprentice dormitory began. The company received the official name VEB Fischkombinat Rostock in September 1952. The former company VEB Fischwirtschaft Saßnitz was also renamed VEB Fischkombinat Saßnitz. Both companies belonged to the VVB Hochseefischerei Rostock.
With the commissioning of a series of six side trawlers with more powerful engines and larger holds from June 1, 1952, it was now possible to fish off Iceland . In 1953 a fish meal factory was built. The formation of the Association of Publicly Owned Enterprises (VVB) deep-sea fishing was done in 1954. Other operating buildings were added: May 1954 took a new ice cream factory with a capacity of 200 tonnes per day and a salting operation on social building as cultural center and operating outpatient clinic were added. In 1955, the fishing capacity could be increased with another 14 vessels.
With the construction of a cold store with a capacity of 5000 tons and a filleting department for round fish in 1956, the processing line was also expanded. In the spring of 1958, fishing began in the north-west Atlantic off West Greenland , and trips were now possible for up to 33 days. From 1959 onwards, fishing in the North Sea was made using two-ship trawl technology. With the commissioning of the first fishing and processing vessel on March 31, 1960 and twelve more of these vessels by 1966, it became possible to process the fish on the high seas. The industrial flotilla fishing began in 1960 when the fish were handed over using floating tarps.
On June 30, 1959, a comfortable hotel for the fishermen who had to spend time in the home port was completed with the house of the deep sea fishermen on Holbeinplatz.
1960 to 1989
At the end of 1964 the fishery started off northwest Africa, on August 1, 1966 the first ship explored the fishing area in southwest Africa. The port and processing buildings were expanded with rigging , net floor , supply store, repair area and cold store. On July 3, 1967, fishing began on Georges Bank off the east coast of the USA. Now 101 ships drove for the fish combine, the highest number ever achieved. In the autumn of 1968, fishing opportunities were explored off the Argentine coast.
In 1971, the Rostock-Marienehe fish processing company, which had been independent since 1954, was incorporated into the combine.
The highest catch result was achieved in 1971 with over 220,000 tons. In the summer of 1972, a fishing vessel passed the Panama Canal for the first time and fished in the Northeast Pacific. From autumn 1977 fishing sites in the Indian Ocean off the Yemeni coast were sought and in autumn 1978 shrimp fishing began off Mozambique .
In 1978 both companies were renamed VEB Fischfang Rostock and VEB Fischfang Saßnitz , the VVB Hochseefischerei Rostock now into VEB Fischkombinat Rostock. From 1984 the Rostock fish combine was managed by the main company VEB Fischfang Rostock. In 1980 the Fischimpex foreign trade company was founded. In addition, nine fish processing companies, the institute for deep sea fishing and fish processing, the engineering office Stralsund, metal processing Richtenberg and the fish wholesaler Berlin belonged to the combine.
Since 1990
After the political change in 1990, consultations were held by specialist groups in the fishing industry in both German states in Rostock and Cuxhaven . As a result, the company ended its existence on June 30, 1990. At the time, 8,309 workers, including 4,350 seafaring personnel, were employed in the combine. The VEB fish Kombinat Rostock was privatized on 1 July 1990 and in five GmbH split, the combine was the German fishing AG, on 2 August 1990 the Rostock fishing port GmbH (RFH) and the East Lake Fish GmbH was founded as more companies, on November 15, 1990 the Rostocker Fischfang-Reederei GmbH followed.
Museum ships
With the side trawler Gera (ROS 223) and the KTS Stubnitz (ROS 701) two ships of the former fleet of the VEB Fischkombinat Rostock have been preserved as museum ships in Bremerhaven and Hamburg .
literature
- Dietrich Strobel, Wulf-Heinrich Hahlbeck: Hiev Up , Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, 1997, ISBN 978-3782206815
- Fritz Hartung, Traute Secander, Jan-Peter Schulze: Fishing grounds - 60 years of fish farming in Rostock-Marienehe , Redieck & Schade publishing house, 2010
