Fyodor Fyodorowitsch Tornau
Baron Fjodor Fjodorowitsch Tornau (also Theodor von Tornau (w) , Russian Фёдор Фёдорович Торнау , scientific transliteration Fedor Fedorovič Tornau ; * 1810 in Polotsk ; † January 7, 1890 in Edlitz ) was an Imperial-Russian officer of German-Baltic origin. He was best known for his autobiographical account of his time in the Caucasus .
Live and act
Tornau came from the branch of the originally Mecklenburg noble family von Tornow, who had come to Courland via Pomerania . He was the son of Colonel Theodor ( Fyodor Grigorjewitsch ) Tornau and received his education in the boarding school of the Tsarskoe Selo Lyceum . At the age of 18 he became an ensign in the Russian army. He served in the Russo-Turkish War (1828-1829) and took part in the suppression of the Polish November Uprising in 1830/31 , where he was assigned to his uncle, Field Marshal Hans Karl von Diebitsch-Sabalkanski .
In 1832 he was transferred to Tbilisi in the Caucasus . Here he was active in the general staff and was used as a scout in the coastal mountains. He was captured in 1836 by Cabardian Circassians in the hope of a ransom and held in a mountain village ( Aul ). After several unsuccessful attempts to escape and negotiations, he finally managed to escape with a Georgian nobleman in November 1838 . After a trip to Moscow, where Tornau was received by Tsar Nicholas I , the writing of his experiences for the general staff and a vacation, he returned in 1840 to the east coast of the Black Sea and participated in the expansion of the Russian forts. In 1843 he was on the other side of the Caucasus to Dagestan .
In 1849 he asked for a vacation and managed his estate near Nizhny Novgorod . In the Crimean War he returned to active service and was deployed as quartermaster on the staff of Dmitri Erofejewitsch Osten-Sacken . In 1856 he, meanwhile major general , was appointed military attaché at the Russian embassy in Vienna .
After his return to St. Petersburg he was promoted to lieutenant general and in 1873 a member of the scientific military council at the main staff.
He spent the last years of his life in Edlitz near Vienna.
Awards
- Medal for the storming of Warsaw
- Order of Saint Vladimir
- Order of Saint Stanislaus , Grand Cross
- Order of the Red Eagle , 2nd class
- Order of the Iron Crown , 2nd class
Works
- Воспоминания Кавказского офицера. Vospominaniia kavkazskogo ofitsera. Moscow: Katkov 1864; several new editions, most recently Moskva, Airo-XXI, 2008
- German edition: Memoirs of an officer of the Caucasian Corps. 2 volumes, Berlin: Otto Janke 1868
literature
- Gennady E. Kagan: A Russian in the k. And k. Vienna: The Vienna Diary of Baron FF Tornau. Vienna: Böhlau 2002 ISBN 9783205770251
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Tornau, Fyodor Fyodorowitsch |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Von Tornauw, Theodor; Tornau, Fedor Fedorovič; Торнау, Фёдор Фёдорович (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Imperial Russian officer of German-Baltic origin |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1810 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Polotssk |
| DATE OF DEATH | January 7, 1890 |
| Place of death | Edlitz |