Flesh red edible blubber

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Flesh red edible blubber
2007-07-28 Russula vesca Fr 30066 cropped.jpg

Flesh red edible blubber ( Russula vesca )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : insecure position (incertae sedis)
Order : Russulales (Russulales)
Family : Deaf relatives (Russulaceae)
Genre : Russulas ( Russula )
Type : Flesh red edible blubber
Scientific name
Russula vesca
Fr.

The very common meat-red edible blubber ( Russula vesca ) is a type of mushroom from the family of the blubber relatives (Russulaceae) and a very popular edible mushroom. He has a more or less flesh-red hat and a sharp brim, which is often bared so that the tips of the lamellae show like teeth. The narrow lamellae are whitish, often rusty and often forked with age. Its white, mild-tasting and almost odorless flesh turns pink-orange with iron sulfate. The soil-vague mycorrhizal fungus occurs in both deciduous and coniferous forests and prefers slightly acidic silicate soils, while avoiding overly basic soils. The fruiting bodies appear between June and October under various deciduous and coniferous trees.

features

Macroscopic features

What is noticeable in the edible blubber ( Russula vesca ) is the too short hat skin, which is why it does not quite reach the edge.

The hat is 6–10 cm wide, hemispherical when young, later arched to depressed, but seldom deepened in a funnel-shaped manner even with age. It is usually flesh-colored to pinkish-brown in color. But there are also olive-brown, lavender, red-brown or greenish forms. The radially veined to slightly bumpy cap skin is moist, greasy, shiny and dry, matt. It can be pulled off about halfway. The hat skin is noticeably retracted at the edge over a width of about 1–2 mm, so that the flesh of the hat and the tips of the lamellae are exposed and these peek out like teeth. In older fruit bodies, the edge of the hat is usually slightly grooved or furrowed.

The narrow, dense, whitish, later cream-colored lamellae have grown on the stem or run down a little. They are usually forked at the base of the stem and not very brittle and therefore hardly tend to splinter. The smooth lamellar cutting edges will soon be rust-stained.

The 3–8 cm long and 1–2.5 cm wide, predominantly cylindrical stem is mostly tapered towards the stem base. It is also whitish and often becomes rusty with age. The stem is only very rarely tinged with pink. The white, almost odorless meat is firm and hearty and tastes pleasantly nutty. With iron sulfate it turns flesh pink to salmon-colored and on contact with aniline it turns a strong lemon yellow, while with guaiac it reacts blue-green.

Microscopic features

The round to elliptical and finely-black spores are 5.5–8.0 µm long and 5.0–6.2 µm wide. The Q value (quotient of spore length and width) is 1.1–1.3. The spore ornament is up to 0.5 µm high and consists of numerous warts that are only sparsely connected to one another by fine veins.

The club-shaped, four-pore basidia are 35–53 µm long and 8–9.5 µm wide. In addition, one can find cylindrical to spindle-shaped or almost bottle-shaped pleurocystids , which are blunt at their tip or have a small appendage. They are 65–110 µm long and 6.5–13 µm wide. Numerous spindle-shaped cheilocystidia measuring 35–95 × 4–9 µm are found on the lamellar edges . All cystides are constricted in places at their upper end and are only weakly stained with sulfobenzaldehyde or sulfovanillin.

The cylindrical, blunt to pointed and often branched, hair-like hyphae of the cap skin are often septate and 3–5 µm wide. In between there are 3–5 µm wide pileocystids , which are only slightly gray-black in color in sulfobenzaldehyde, and thick-walled, bristle-like, 2–3 µm wide and often yellow-brown hyphae, which are referred to as horsehair hyphae or grins. When looking for horsehair hyphae, one should microscope the hat skin from the middle of the hat.

ecology

Like all deafnesses, the flesh-red edible deafness is a mycorrhizal fungus that can be associated with various deciduous and coniferous trees. The main partners in Central Europe are European beech and spruce , as well as oak , hornbeam and other tree species.

Of course, the meat-red edible pigeon occurs in red beech forests with or without spruce, as well as various other forest types on shallow to medium-sized, sandy to slightly loamy, acidic to neutral soils. He avoids waterlogged and rapidly drying, alkaline, base and nutrient-rich soils. The species is common and common in places. The fruiting bodies appear in Central Europe from July to October.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the meat-red food-deafening.
Legend:
  • Countries with found reports
  • Countries without evidence
  • no data
  • non-European countries

    • The species occurs in the Holarctic from the sub-Mediterranean to the subboreal latitudes; it has been found in Asia (Eastern Siberia, Japan, Korea), North America (USA), North Africa and Europe. In Europe it occurs from the Mediterranean area to the Hebrides and Fennoscandinavia .

    The species is widespread in Germany, but occurs in different densities.

    Systematics

    Inquiry systematics

    The meat-red edible deaf is placed in the section Heterophyllae . The closest relative of the flesh-red edible deaf is the green edible . Some authors even consider it a subspecies or variety of this deafness. R-DNA studies also confirm the close phylogenetic relationship of the two species that Bon puts in the subsection Heterophyllinae . The representatives of the subsection are medium-sized to large, robust pigeons with pure white spore powder and a mild taste. Their hats can be colored differently, but they are never pure red.

    literature

    Web links

    Commons : Speisetäubling ( Russula vesca )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files

    Individual evidence

    1. ↑ Russula vesca. In: Species Fungorum /speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved August 23, 2011 .
    2. ↑ a b Josef Breitenbach, Fred Kränzlin (ed.): Pilze der Schweiz. Contribution to knowledge of the fungal flora in Switzerland. Volume 6: Russulaceae. Milklings, deafblings. Mykologia, Luzern 2005, ISBN 3-85604-060-9 , p. 250.
    3. ↑ a b German Josef Krieglsteiner (ed.), Andreas Gminder, Wulfard Winterhoff: Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg. Volume 2: Stand mushrooms: inguinal, club, coral and stubble mushrooms, belly mushrooms, boletus and deaf mushrooms. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3531-0 , p. 463.
    4. ↑ Hans E. Laux: The new cosmos mushroom atlas . 1st edition. Kosmos, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-07229-0 .
    5. ^ Henri Romagnesi : Les Russules d'Europe et d'Afrique du Nord . Bordas, Paris 1967, p.  266 (French, online MycoBank (Fungal Nomenclature and Species Databank) [accessed June 7, 2014]).
    6. ^ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Russula vesca. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved October 12, 2012 .
    7. ↑ Belgian Species List 2012 - Russula vesca. In: species.be. Retrieved June 7, 2012 .
    8. ↑ Cvetomir M. Denchev, Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . No. 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF; 592 kB ; accessed on August 31, 2011]).
    9. ↑ Z. Tkalcec, A. Mesic: Preliminary checklist of Agaricales from Croatia V . In: Mycotaxon . No. 88 , 2003, p. 296 ( cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed August 22, 2011]).
    10. ^ Estonian eBiodiversity Species description Russula vesca. In: elurikkus.ut.ee. Retrieved June 13, 2012 .
    11. ↑ Worldwide distribution of Russula vesca. In: data.gbif.org. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    12. ^ Z. Athanassiou, I. Theochari: Compléments à l'inventaire des Basidiomycètes de Grèce . In: Mycotaxon . No. 79 , 2001, p. 401-415 (Danish, cybertruffle.org.uk [accessed 23 August 2011]).
    13. ^ S. Petkovski: National Catalog (Check List) of Species of the Republic of Macedonia . Skopje 2009 (English).
    14. ↑ Gordana Kasom, Mitko Karadelev: Survey of the family Russulaceae (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) in Montenegro . In: Warsaw Versita (ed.): Acta Botanica Croatica . tape 71 , no. 2 , 2012, ISSN  0365-0588 , p. 1–14 ( online [PDF]). online ( Memento of the original from April 27, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / versita.metapress.com
    15. ↑ Russula vesca in the PilzOek database. In: pilzoek.de. Retrieved August 21, 2011 .
    16. ^ TV Andrianova and others: Russula vesca. Fungi of Ukraine. (No longer available online.) In: www.cybertruffle.org.uk/ukrafung/eng. 2006, archived from the original on November 27, 2015 ; accessed on May 3, 2012 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.cybertruffle.org.uk
    17. ↑ NMV Verspreidingsatlas | Russula vesca. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved April 26, 2012 .