Airport planning
Under airport planning refers to the planning of the infrastructure of airports such as runways , Tower or equipment covered by the safe management of aircraft are in the air and on the ground as the firing . Aspects of a legal, technical and economic nature as well as aspects of spatial planning and environmental protection (especially with regard to aircraft noise ) must be taken into account . In a broader sense, airport planning can be understood as the planning of all areas of airport complexes, which includes all facilities of the “city airport” such as hotels, warehouses, office buildings and the road and path network.
standardization
Due to the supranational character of aviation, the standardization for airport planning has largely been standardized internationally. Legally binding international standards are due to intergovernmental agreements in particular the annexes to the international aviation convention of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO ), which ensure an internationally uniform handling of various aspects.
The US aviation authority, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), has created a detailed set of rules that is (only) binding for the US sector, but also for airport planners in other countries in cases for which no international or national rules exist is used as a reference.
The aim of international standardization is also pursued by guidelines created by various institutions. Such policies have as a rule no legal force, provide in many cases, but the standard is as editor of policies in the field of airport planning in particular is. International Air Transport Association (IATA) (German: International Air Transport Association) to name . There are also comprehensive guidelines for the military sector.
There are also numerous laws at national level that set rules for aviation in general and for airports in particular. Nationally important standards are, for example, those in the areas of occupational safety , building law , environmental law and regional planning .
Airport planning in general
Airport-specific planning results on the one hand from the interaction between the aircraft and the airport or from the interaction between the aircraft and the environment. On the other hand, the special situation that arises from passenger and freight traffic and the corresponding service providers in the vicinity of an airport is the subject of airport planning. Airport planning provides a fundamental basis for decision-making with regard to the examination of approach and departure areas. Airport planning in the narrower sense includes, for example, the design of the entire airport system with the location of runways , taxiways and aprons as well as the arrangement of towers and passenger, baggage and cargo handling systems, the layout of aircraft parking areas, taxiway systems, passenger transport systems, lighting systems , floor markings , and facilities for aircraft de-icing and passenger boarding bridges , airport fences and wind protection fences ( blast fences ) as protection against the jet blast of aircraft engines. Many airport planning considerations, for example with regard to bird strikes , arise from the necessary security for flight movements.
Planning staff
Active in the field of airport planning are separate departments of the airport companies , planning teams of air traffic control , airport planners of companies with specific alignment and engineering . Airport planners very often act internationally.
In the field of airport planning, there is also a wide range of specialist planning service providers. These include engineers from the fields of architecture , traffic planning , road construction , mechanical engineering , pipeline construction , electrical engineering and electronics , heating and air conditioning technology , ground and air radar and other air traffic control systems.
But biologists are also involved in airport planning. Your plans deal, for example, with the relocation of protected animal species and the prevention of bird strikes .
Planning phases
As part of the airport planning, the preparation of studies, can master planning , design planning , approval planning , tender design and detailed design and detailed planning differ.
education
The Cranfield University offers the Master's course Airport Planning and Management at.
In German-speaking countries there are several universities that offer airport planning as part of various fields of study (e.g. flight technology, civil engineering ). For example, at the Institute for Aerospace ( ILR for short ) at the Technical University of Berlin, a specialization in airport planning can be attended with lectures and exercises.
There are also private providers of airport planning courses that can cover a wide range of planning-related topics.
literature
- Heinrich Mensen: Planning, construction and operation of airfields . 1st edition. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-540-68106-9 .
Web links
- ICAO homepage (English or French)
- IATA website (English)
- The FAA website (English)