Trout (submarine)
 Photo of the trout on a railroad car;
with name in Cyrillic script |
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The trout was a German submarine built in 1902.
After the fire diver , the test boat 333 was built in Germany in 1897 at the Howaldt shipyard in Kiel . It had the construction no. 333; However, since there was no interest in the submarine at that time, it was probably scrapped around 1902.
From June 1902, another test submersible with electric propulsion was built at the Germania shipyard in Kiel under strict secrecy and without an order from the Navy. Its cover name at the time was "Leuchtboje", later it was named "Trout". It was based on the plans of the engineer Raymondo Lorenzo d'Equevilley-Montjustin , who in turn stuck to the knowledge of the designers Claude Goubet , Gustave Zédé and Isaac Peral as well as the Englishman Waddington. It was used to test the properties of submarines , to check the suitability of such vehicles for warfare and to acquire the basics for building larger submarines.
The trout was regarded as the first German submarine to be used in warfare, even if it did not reach the speed the designer had hoped for by far. It had two torpedo tubes attached to the side of the fuselage , a command tower , a short periscope, an air purification system with an air drying box and two steel bottles for 1000 liters of oxygen each at normal pressure and a bilge pump. Since it was originally intended as a dinghy for larger warships, there were lifting eyes for this.
The diameter of the pressure hull was only 1.66 m. A torpedo was ejected with compressed air, with a relatively large list of up to 20 ° for a few seconds. The command tower was later increased by 300 mm and the wooden structure on the pressure hull was enlarged.
The drive was via an electric motor with a fixed speed, the speed setting via the rotary wing screw. The energy source was a battery with 108 cells peat accumulators, each with a mass of 65 kg and a capacity of 715 ampere hours (Ah) with a ten-hour discharge, which were supplied by the Watt accumulator factory in Zehdenick . The peat batteries only had a short lifespan. To improve stability, the battery was later reduced by 14 cells. At 4 kn the driving range was 25 nm .
In the autumn of 1903, Kaiser Wilhelm II visited the trout . Prince Heinrich of Prussia also took part in the test drives in Eckernförde Bay on September 23, 1903 .
In 1904, in the midst of the Russo-Japanese War , the trout was presented to two Russian naval officers on a test drive near Eckernförde . The Imperial Russian Navy bought the boat and on April 20 ordered the construction of three more submarines. These were 205-ton boats based on an evolution of the Trout's plans . On June 20, 1904, all four submarines were exported by rail from Kiel to Saint Petersburg .
From August 1904 the Форель ( trout ) was stationed in Vladivostok . In use, it held its own with moderate success until it sank in an accident on May 10, 1910. The boat was then lifted and scrapped.
literature
- Eberhard Rössler : History of the German submarine building. Volume 1. Licensed edition for Bechtermünz Verlag in Weltbildverlag, Augsburg 1996, ISBN 3-86047-153-8 .
- H. Techel: The construction of submarines at the Germania shipyard. Third unchanged edition 1968, JF Lehmanns Verlag, Munich, reprint of the second edition from 1923, Verlag des Verein deutsche Ingenieure, Berlin 1922.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Paul E. Fontenoy: Submarines. An illustrated history of their impact . ABC-CLIO, Santa Barbara, Calif 2007, ISBN 1-85109-563-2 , pp. 10, 90 ( online ).