Formula Student Germany
The Formula Student Germany (FSG) is an international design competition for students that has been held annually since 2006 by the Formula Student Germany e. V. under the patronage of the Verein Deutscher Ingenieure e. V. is based on rules similar to those of Formula SAE .
The content of the competition is to design and manufacture a single-seater formula racing car in teamwork . Every year in late summer, the student groups meet at the Hockenheimring to compare the self-constructed racing cars.
The aim of the Formula Student is to supplement the course with experience with construction and production as well as with the economic aspects of automotive engineering. For this purpose, the students should assume that a production company hired them to produce a prototype for evaluation. The target group of the vehicle is the non-professional weekend racing driver. To determine the winning team, a jury made up of experts from the motorsport, automotive and supplier industries evaluates the construction, cost and business plan of each team in the static disciplines. In addition, the driving characteristics of the cars are tested in various dynamic disciplines on the racetrack.
prehistory
In the USA, the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) launched Formula SAE in 1981 , in which around 120 student teams from all over the world take part every year. Since 1998, SAE and IMechE have organized Formula Student in England , to which around 100 teams travel each year. In Australia, around 25 teams come together every year for the Formula SAE Australasia . Student teams are also competing against each other in Italy , Japan , Brazil and Austria . With a few modifications, the competitions are held according to the same rules, so that teams can take part in several events with their racing cars.
motivation
By participating in the competition, the engineering students should gain experience with teamwork, time and project management in general and with construction, production and the economic aspects of automobile construction in particular. The competition language is English. The aim of the Formula Student Germany competition is to improve the visibility of this mostly extra-curricular commitment at German companies and universities. This is possible because the competitive pressure forces the students to work professionally and make use of tools that are also used in industry.
There are opportunities to establish personal contacts with the committed students through sponsoring, awards and the sending of jury members.
Formula Student Combustion and Formula Student Electric
Until 2009, Formula Student Germany was the name of the student design competition with exclusively internal combustion engine vehicles. Since the introduction of Formula Student Electric in 2010, Formula Student Germany has generally referred to the design competition, which aims to design a single-seat formula racing car. In the competition, students can compete in two different classes. The class for vehicles powered by combustion engines has been called Formula Student Combustion since 2010, while the class in which vehicles with an electric drive compete is Formula Student Electric (Electric = electric). In 2017, the Formula Student Driverless was introduced as 3rd class. Vehicles from the last two years from the FSC and FSE may currently be used for this.
Formula Student Combustion (FSC)
Formula Student Combustion refers to the class with internal combustion engine drives within Formula Student Germany. The regulations that exist with regard to the design and construction of the vehicle are the official Formula SAE rules and, in addition, the FSC rules. The main constraints on the powertrain are:
- 4-stroke gasoline engine
- Max. 710 cm 3 displacement
- circular air flow limiter behind the throttle system with a diameter of
- 20 mm for gasoline-powered internal combustion engines
- 19 mm for E85- powered internal combustion engines
Formula Student Electric (FSE)
Formula Student Electric expands Formula Student Germany to include electromobility. The task of the participating teams is to design a purely electrically powered vehicle. Apart from small modifications to the technical acceptance in order to meet the requirements of the electric vehicles, the FSE is based on the official Formula SAE rules of the respective year. The focus on purely electric drives instead of hybrid drives ensures reduced complexity. This enables teams to participate even without large financial resources.
The Formula Student Electric vehicles are also largely based on the rules of the Formula SAE, so that the vehicles have an identical basic structure as in the Formula Student Combustion. In order to make it easier for the teams to get into the new class, FSE was allowed to use chassis from the last few years (2007 or newer) in the first year. Since 2011, the chassis used must comply with the current regulations. The main differences between FSE and FSC vehicles can be found in the area of the drive train.
The Formula Student Electric rules do not impose any restrictions on the type (direct current, alternating current) or number of motors, only the maximum voltage is limited to 600 V DC. The maximum power that can be drawn from the batteries at any given time is 80 kW. All types of accumulators and capacitors, but not high-temperature batteries or fuel cells, may be used as energy storage devices.
Formula Student Driverless (FSD)
With the expansion of the Formula Student to include a category of driverless vehicles, the organizers are orienting themselves towards developments in the automotive industry. The teams who want to compete in the FSD can, as before, design a completely new car or use a car from the last two years of their teams. This is to ensure that the complexity of the driverless components does not mean that the vehicle is not ready to drive at the end of the year. Originally it was considered to only allow electric vehicles for the FSD and in the first year only electric vehicles made it through the technical acceptance. In 2018, a team from the Berlin University of Technology and Economics also started with a vehicle with a combustion engine.
Course of the competition
Regardless of the class, the teams must first pass a technical inspection during the competition before the vehicles are allowed to participate in the dynamic disciplines.
Scrutineering (technical acceptance)
All participating vehicles must pass the scrutineering before they are allowed to take part in the driving competitions. The content of the technical acceptance as well as the safety-relevant regulations regarding the construction of the chassis and running gear, as well as the execution of the drive train are set out in the rules of Formula SAE and the supplementary statements of Formula Student Germany and are checked during the technical acceptance. For the vehicles of the FSC , the order of the individual steps of the technical acceptance is:
- Tech and Safety (Technology and Safety)
- Tilt Table (tilting table)
- Noise test (noise measurement under defined conditions)
- Brake Test (brake test)
Vehicles with an electric drive train have to pass other and additional components of the technical acceptance. The totality of the technical acceptance steps for FSE vehicles are:
- Electrical scrutineering (electrical safety)
- Tech and Safety
- Tilt Table (tilting table)
- Rain Test
- Brake Test
Tech and Safety - FSC and FSE
All safety-relevant components and accessories of the racing car that are prescribed by the regulations are checked. This includes the frame structure, suspension, steering, brakes and rims as well as the tires. Details such as the routing of the fuel lines, the fastening of the intake system or the correct functioning of the emergency switch are also checked. The vehicle then has to go through a series of other checks. Only when all the technical acceptance tests have been passed is a vehicle approved for participation in the dynamic disciplines.
As cars have become smaller and more compact in recent years, doubts have arisen as to whether an injured driver could still be rescued from the vehicle in the event of an accident. According to the regulations, a 95 percent man must fit in the car, ie a man who is only surpassed in height and weight by 5% of the male population. For this reason, new rules for cockpit dimensioning were introduced in 2009 based on the FIA rules for Formula 1 . Compliance with these dimensions is checked during the technical inspection of the vehicles using two templates (cockpit templates). One of the templates must fit through the cockpit opening, the other must be able to be passed through the driver's foot area to the pedals.
In addition, all drivers must show that they can leave the car within 5 seconds in “ready-to-race condition”, ie fully clothed and buckled up.
Tilt Table - FSC and FSE
The tilt table test checks that no operating fluids are leaking and that the rules for rollover protection are met. The vehicles must be ready to go, brought to the test with all fluids and a full tank. All components must also be attached to the racing car. The vehicle in which the tallest driver has to sit is fixed and tilted up to an angle of 45 degrees. No fuel or other liquids (oil, coolant, ...) may escape at this angle. Then the angle is increased to 60 degrees. This angle corresponds to a lateral acceleration of 1.7 g. If the top wheels stay on the ground, the race car passes the tilt table test.
Noise Test - FSC only
The noise test checks whether the vehicle complies with the regulations for compliance with the noise level. For this purpose, the volume is measured with the engine running and idling at a speed prescribed by the type of engine. The noise level must not exceed 110 dBA .
Brake Test - FSC and FSE
The brake test is used to check whether the brake system is able to lock all four wheels of the vehicle at the same time and thereby bring the vehicle to a controlled standstill.
The FSE vehicles can also use the electric drive for braking. In order to prove that the braking system functions properly in the event of a fault in the high-voltage system, the driver must deactivate the high-voltage system after accelerating and then come to a stop with four locking wheels.
Electrical Scrutineering - FSE only
When checking the vehicles of the FSE, a check of the electrical safety is preceded. During the electrical scrutineering, the electrical safety of the vehicle is checked, i. H. all measures prescribed by the regulations are checked for their functionality. These include a. the insulation monitoring, the correct functioning of the signal light that shows the activity of the high-voltage system (Tractive System Active Light) and the sound that shows that the vehicle is ready to drive (Ready To Drive Sound). However, general security aspects such as B. checked mechanically properly laid lines.
isolation
During the competition, both officials and team members will touch the Formula Student Electric vehicles again and again, consciously or unconsciously. In order to be able to guarantee the safety of everyone involved at all times, Formula Student Electric uses an insulation monitoring system. This system continuously monitors whether the insulation of the high-voltage system is intact. In the event of faulty insulation, this is recognized by the system and the high-voltage system is automatically switched off. As part of the e-scrutineering, various insulation faults are simulated and the racing car is only given approval if the shutdown behavior is correct.
Drive system active
The electric drive system of an FSE vehicle works almost noiselessly. In order to be able to signal whether the high-voltage system in the vehicle is active, each vehicle has a clearly visible light under the tip of the roll bar. This lights up in high-voltage operation and thus serves the helpers as a “visual engine noise” and as a warning of the high voltage.
"Drive by Wire" security
All FSE vehicles are "drive-by-wire" vehicles. The command for more or less torque is not given mechanically, but via an electrical signal. To ensure the greatest possible safety, there are two independent sensors in each accelerator pedal. A control unit constantly monitors both sensors and automatically takes measures in the event of significant deviations to ensure the safety of the vehicle despite a defective sensor.
Rain Test - FSE only
Instead of the noise measurement, which is carried out on the FSC vehicles, the FSE vehicles are checked for their electrical safety in the event of moisture and rain. Rain can lead to critical situations in electric vehicles. In order to be able to allow operation without reservation even during precipitation, the FSE vehicles must undergo an artificial rain shower. During the relatively heavy, artificial sprinkling of the vehicle, a check is made to determine whether the components used are sufficiently insulated and protected against rain. If the insulation monitoring works during the test, the test is considered to have failed because an insulation fault has occurred due to the ingress of water.
Disciplines
Formula Student Germany is held in 3 static and 5 dynamic disciplines. The disciplines to be completed are independent of the drive train concept of the vehicles.
In the static disciplines , the student teams present the various aspects of their vehicle to the jurors in discussions and presentations.
The constructive solutions of the students, the understanding of their own construction as well as the demands of the fictitious target group are evaluated in engineering design .
In the cost analysis , the students have to present and defend their calculated production and assembly costs and point out and discuss possible alternatives.
During the business plan presentation , a business model must be presented that is intended to convince potential investors to manufacture the presented prototype profitably as a small series.
Engineering design
Cost Analysis
Business plan presentation
The dynamic disciplines test the vehicles in terms of their longitudinal and lateral acceleration potential, in handling and in terms of their durability and efficiency. The vehicles will only be admitted to these disciplines if all components of the technical acceptance have been passed.
With the Skid Pad (driving eight), the achievable lateral acceleration is determined during a constant circular movement. For this purpose, two overlapping circular rings with an inner diameter of 15.25 m and a track width of 3 m are driven through twice. In order to maintain equal opportunities in the event of weather changes, the test may be carried out on an irrigated roadway.
The acceleration (acceleration test) determines the acceleration capacity of the vehicle from a standing start on a straight 75 m long. The current course record in Hockenheim has been held by the Elbflorace team of the TU Dresden since 2018 with a time of 3.240 seconds.
In autocross , the vehicle must be steered through an approx. 800 m long handling course that includes straights, hairpin bends, chicanes and slalom courses.
During the endurance (long-distance tests), the vehicles should particularly demonstrate their durability and reliability. Over a distance of 22 km, which is based on the structure of the handling course but allows higher speeds, the energy consumption is also measured, which is then used to evaluate the efficiency.
The Energy Efficiency evaluates the energy consumption during the endurance test, weighting the minimum consumption and the shortest duration for the endurance test of the competition.
Skid pad
Acceleration
Autocross
Endurance
A total of 1000 points are awarded. The basis of the division is the set of rules of the FSC or the FSE. The points are awarded according to a key defined in the rules. The best team in a discipline usually gets full marks there; In the static disciplines, however, the jurors have the right not to give the best team the maximum possible number of points. The performance of the other teams is assessed in relation to the performance of the best team. The points are divided as follows:
| Static events | 325 |
|---|---|
| Engineering design | 150 |
| Cost Analysis | 100 |
| Business Presentation | 75 |
| Dynamic Events | 675 |
| Skid pad | 75 |
| Acceleration | 75 |
| Autocross | 100 |
| Endurance | 325 |
| Fuel economy | 100 |
| total | 1000 |
Formula Student Germany 2013
From July 30th to August 4th 2013 the 8th Formula Student Germany took place at the Hockenheimring.
Up to and including 2009, the competition was only permitted for vehicles with internal combustion engines. After the introduction of Formula Student Electric 2010, vehicles with an electric drive train will take part for the fourth time this year. Therefore, not one, but two competitions, FSC and FSE, take place in parallel. A total of 74 teams were admitted to Formula Student Combustion in 2013, and 40 vehicles to Formula Student Electric.
Results of the Formula Student Germany for the years 2006–2009
From 2006 to 2009 Formula Student Germany was the name of the student design competition with exclusively internal combustion engine vehicles.
| 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engineering design | Metropolia Motorsport ( FH Helsinki Metropolia ) | TUfast ( Technical University of Munich ) | Lions Racing Team ( TU Braunschweig ) | DUT Racing ( TU Delft ) |
| Cost Analysis | US Motorsport ( U Strathclyde ) | LUMotorsport ( Loughborough U ) | Squadra Corse ( Politecnico di Torino ) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) |
| Business plan presentation | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | DHBW Engineering (DHBW Stuttgart) |
| Skid pad | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | RIT Racing Team ( Rochester Institute of Technology ) | Oxford Brookes Racing | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart |
| Acceleration | Metropolia Motorsport (FH Helsinki Metropolia) | Raceyard Kiel ( FH Kiel ) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | Raceyard Kiel (FH Kiel) |
| Autocross | UQ Racing ( University of Queensland ) | DART racing ( TU Darmstadt ) | Lions Racing Team (TU Braunschweig) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart |
| Endurance | UQ Racing (U Queensland) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart |
| Fuel Economy / Fuel Efficiency | Swansea University Race Engineering | Swansea University Race Engineering (Swansea U) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) |
| total | TU Graz Racing Team | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart |
Results of Formula Student Germany since 2010
FSC and FSE 2010 to 2013
| FSC 2010 | FSE 2010 | FSC 2011 | FSE 2011 | FSC 2012 | FSE 2012 | FSC 2013 | FSE 2013 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engineering design | Global Formula Racing | AMZ Racing Team ( ETH Zurich ) | Global Formula Racing ( Oregon State University ) | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | ETS Montréal | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | KA-RaceIng ( Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ) | AMZ Racing Team ( ETH Zurich ) |
| Cost Analysis | Riteh Racing Team (U Rijeka) | Stuba Green Team ( Slovak Technical University Bratislava ) | RIT Racing Team (Rochester IT) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | University of Strathclyde | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | ETSEIB E-Motorsport (UPC Barcelona) |
| Business plan presentation | Racetech Racing Team (TU Freiberg) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart (U Stuttgart) | Team Bath Racing (Bath U) | KA-RaceIng (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology) | Global Formula Racing (DHBW Ravensburg) | WHZ Racing Team (WH Zwickau) | Global Formula Racing (US) (Corvallis OSU) | WHZ Racing Team (Zwickau UAS) |
| Skid pad | WHZ Racing Team ( WH Zwickau ) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart (U Stuttgart) | UToronto Racing (Toronto U) | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | Missouri University of Science and Technology | TU Eindhoven | The University of Akron Zips Racing (Akron U) | Formula Student Team Darmstadt II (TU Darmstadt) |
| Acceleration | MRacing (U Michigan - Ann Arbor) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart (U Stuttgart) | RIT Racing Team (Rochester IT) | Global Formula Racing (Ravensburg DHBW) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Dynamics - UAS Regensburg | DUT Racing (TU Delft) |
| Autocross | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart (U Stuttgart) | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | TuFast Racing Team (TU Munich) | Global Formula Racing (DHBW Ravensburg) | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | KA-Raceing ( Karlsruhe Institute of Technology ) |
| Endurance | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart (U Stuttgart) | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Rochester Institute of Technology | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | Global Formula Racing (US) (Corvallis OSU) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) |
| Energy Efficiency | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Fast Forest ( Deggendorf University ) | Team wob-racing ( University of Applied Sciences Wolfenbüttel ) | TU Graz e-Power Racing Team | ETS Montréal | Elbflorace ( TU Dresden ) | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | WHZ Racing Team (Zwickau UAS) |
| total | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | DUT Racing (TU Delft) | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | DUT Racing (TU Delft) |
FSC, FSE and FSD (2017 only) 2014 to 2017
| FSC 2014 | FSE 2014 | FSC 2015 | FSE 2015 | FSC 2016 | FSE 2016 | FSC 2017 | FSE 2017 | FSD 2017 | FSE 2018 | FSD 2018 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engineering design | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | AMZ Racing Team ( ETH Zurich ) | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | AMZ Racing (ETH Zurich) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | AMZ Racing Team ( ETH Zurich ) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) |
| Cost Analysis | Cal Poly Pomona Formula SAE (Pomona CSU) | municHMotorsport (FH Munich) | Formula Student Team FH Weingarten | AMZ Racing (ETH Zurich) | Orion Racing India (Mumbai KJ Somaiya) | Racetech racing team (TU Freiberg) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) and ETSEIB Motorsport (Barcelona UPC) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | HTW Motorsport (HTW Berlin) |
| Business plan presentation | Race UP Team (Padova Uni) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | Montréal U McGill | municHMotorsport (FH Munich) | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | CAT racing | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | TUfast Driverless (TU Munich) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart eV - Monash Motorsport | KA-RaceIng Driverless (KIT) |
| Skid pad | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | Formula Student Team Delft (TU Delft) | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | Formula Student Team (TU Delft) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | Dynamics eV (Regensburg OTH) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) |
| Acceleration | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | joanneum racing graz ( FH Joanneum ) | AMZ Racing (ETH Zurich) | PWR Racing Team (Wrocław TU) | AMZ Racing (ETH Zurich) | MoRe Modena Racing | DHBW Engineering Stuttgart eV | KA-RaceIng Driverless (KIT) | Elbflorace (TU Dresden) | StarkStrom Augsburg (UAS Augsburg) |
| Autocross | Global Formula Racing | AMZ Racing (ETH Zurich) | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | Formula Student Team (TU Delft) | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | ||
| Endurance | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | AMZ Racing (ETH Zurich) | Global Formula Racing (OSU) | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | Formula Student Team Delft (TU Delft) | Racing team at the University of Stuttgart | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) | Running Snail Racing Team (OTH Amberg) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) |
| Energy Efficiency | AMOY (Xiamen TU) | University of Applied Sciences Osnabrück UAS | Esslingen Racing Team ( Esslingen University of Applied Sciences ) | Elefant Racing (Uni Bayreuth) | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | Terrassa ESEIAAT | TU Graz Racing Team | Kaiserslautern Racing Team | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) |
| total | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | AMZ Racing (ETH Zurich) | Global Formula Racing (Oregon State U) | Formula Student Team (TU Delft) | TUfast (Technical University of Munich) | KA-RaceIng (KIT) | Esslingen Racing Team ( Esslingen University of Applied Sciences ) | GreenTeam Uni Stuttgart | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) | AMZ Racing Team (ETH Zurich) | AMZ Driverless (ETH Zurich) |
Web links
- Link catalog on the subject of Formula Student at curlie.org (formerly DMOZ )
- Formula Student Germany www.formulastudent.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Formula SAE
- ↑ students.sae.org
- ↑ PDF at www.etas.com
- ↑ dspace.de
- ↑ http://www.ftd.de/auto/trends/:trend-formula-student-jobboerse-an-der-rennstrecke/60088666.html ( Memento from September 13, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Formula Student Electric Rules 2013 ( Memento from November 14, 2012 in the Internet Archive ) (PDF; 238 kB), Formula Student Germany, accessed on January 12, 2013
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudentelectric.de ( Memento from June 10, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudentelectric.de ( Memento from March 2, 2012 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudentelectric.de ( page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ formulastudent.de
- ↑ FSG: Results FSG 2017. Retrieved on July 11, 2020 .
- ↑ FSG: Results FSG 2017. Retrieved on July 11, 2020 .
- ↑ FSG: Results FSG 2018. Retrieved on July 11, 2020 .
- ↑ FSG: Results FSG 2018. Retrieved on July 11, 2020 .