Fotemustin

Structural formula
	1: 1 mixture of ( R ) -form (top) and ( S ) -form (bottom)
General
Non-proprietary name	Fotemustin
other names	( RS ) -Diethyl- [1 - {[(2-chloroethyl) (nitroso) carbamoyl] amino} ethyl) phosphonate; ( RS ) -1- (2-chloroethyl) -3- (1-diethoxyphosphorylethyl) -1-nitrosourea ( IUPAC ); S 10036;
Molecular formula	C 9 H 19 ClN 3 O 5 P
Brief description	yellowish powder
External identifiers / databases
EC number	630-468-7
ECHA InfoCard	100.158.792
PubChem	104799
DrugBank	DB04106
Wikidata	Q1439555
Drug information
ATC code	L01 AD05
Drug class	Cytostatic
properties
Molar mass	315.69 g mol −1
Physical state	firmly
Melting point	85 ° C
safety instructions
	Please note the exemption from the labeling requirement for drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, food and animal feed
GHS labeling of hazardous substances Caution
H and P phrases	H: 351
	P: 281
	As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Fotemustine , chemically 1- (2-chloroethyl) -3- (1-diethoxyphosphorylethyl) -1-nitrosourea (trade name muphoran ), is the generic name for a cytostatic agent from the group of nitrosoureas . It is approved for the treatment of disseminated metastatic melanoma .

pharmacology

Mechanism of action

Like all nitrosoureas, Fotemustin changes the genetic material in the cell nuclei . As a result, the affected cells can no longer divide and die after a while. The genome damage mainly affects rapidly dividing cells - especially cancer cells. Fotemustin is able to cross the blood-brain barrier . This is beneficial in the treatment of melanoma with CNS metastasis .

Side effects

Fotemustine is myelotoxic , which means it damages the bone marrow . This damage has a negative effect on blood formation, especially platelets and leukocytes . The main side effects are nausea and hair loss .

Like all nitrosoureas, Fotemustin is itself carcinogenic , that is, carcinogenic.

literature

AM Ristic-Fira et al .: Effects of fotemustine or dacarbasine on a melanoma cell line pretreated with therapeutic proton irradiation. In: Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research 28, 2009 , p. 50, PMID 19358719 , PMC 2672057 (free full text).
D. Khayat et al .: Fotemustine: an overview of its clinical activity in disseminated malignant melanoma. In: Melanoma Research 2, 1992 , pp. 147-151, PMID 1450667 .
D. Khayat et al: Fotemustine (S 10036) in the intra-arterial treatment of liver metastasis from malignant melanoma. A phase II study. In: American Journal of Clinical Oncology 14, 1991 , pp. 400-404, PMID 1951178 .

Individual evidence

↑ ^a ^b ^c data sheet Fotemustine at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on February 3, 2013 ( PDF ).
^ The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; P. 731, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .
↑ J. C: Becker: Malignant melanoma. Deutscher Ärzteverlag, 2006, ISBN 3-7691-0481-1 , p. 162.

[Sigma-1] ta sheet Fotemustine at Sigma-Aldrich , accessed on February 3, 2013 ( PDF ).

[MERCK_Index-2] The Merck Index: An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals , 14th Edition (Merck & Co., Inc.), Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA, 2006; P. 731, ISBN 978-0-911910-00-1 .

[3] J. C: Becker: Malignant melanoma. Deutscher Ärzteverlag, 2006, ISBN 3-7691-0481-1 , p. 162.