François Ignace Mangin
François Ignace Mangin (* 31 July 1742 in Pont-à-Mousson ( Meurthe-et-Moselle region Lorraine ), † 1809 Paris ) was a French architect, a considerable number of buildings in electoral after its plans Kurtrier and Kurmainz built is.
family
Like his father, Mangin was initially a sculptor in Pont-à-Mousson , then moved to the small French community of Corny-sur-Moselle in the Moselle department , about 15 kilometers away , closer to the city of Metz . Here he married Christine Manjean ; their son Jean Francois Xavier Mangin was born on March 21, 1766 . In 1784 he became a lieutenant in the Mainz Elector Friedrich Karl Joseph von Erthal , later he changed sides and became a captain in the French occupation army under General Adam-Philippe de Custine . Then he had to fight under Jean-François Jacqueminot, among other things, in the uprising of the Vendée , lost an arm there and then died in the fighting on the Walserfeld .
Professional career
In the years 1779 to 1783, the Trier cathedral dean, later cathedral provost and later Prince-Bishop of Speyer Philipp Franz Wilderich Nepomuk von Walderdorf, had a summer residence built on the western side of the Moselle in the style of early French classicism, similar to the Petit Trianon of Versailles, based on plans by Mangin. The pleasure palace, located in the immediate vicinity of the banks of the Moselle, was oriented with its main facade to the northeast and is thus in a direct line of sight to the city of Trier . The name Monaise (also Mon Aise) means "my leisure" and refers to the former function of the castle as a summer residence. Apart from this palace, there are no other known buildings by Mangin for Trier.
Mangin was also involved in the new construction of the Electoral Palace in Koblenz , which was built from 1777 to 1793 on behalf of the Archbishop of Trier and Elector Clemens Wenzeslaus of Saxony in the new Koblenz district of Neustadt. The first designing architect was the Parisian architect Pierre Michel d'Ixnard , who had already planned several buildings in southern Germany. After criticizing his palace plans, a report from the Paris Academy of Architects was obtained, which confirmed this criticism. D'Ixnard was dismissed and the Frenchman Antoine-François Peyre the Younger was commissioned with the new building plans, which provided for a much simpler and smaller structure. The castle in its current appearance goes back to Peyre. The drafts for the design of the interiors and the furniture were made by François Ignace Mangin until 1787.
Between 1781 and 1786, the Mainz Dompropstei under the Dompropst Count Damian Friedrich von der Leyen was the last construction initiated by this. The provost took first place in the Mainz cathedral chapter . This was probably also the reason why the Mainz Domproöpste had new buildings built on the same spot in 1697 and 1738 to 1745. Mangin designed a contemporary building as a three-wing complex with a courtyard, in which the two single-storey wing structures framed the corps de logis . The sculptor Johann Sebastian Barnabas Pfaff (1747–1794) from Mainz took on the figurative design of the facades and rooms. Remains of this work are now in the Landesmuseum Mainz .
From 1787 to 1791, the Niederwald hunting lodge of Friedrich Karl Maximilian Amor Maria Graf von Ostein , a nephew of the Archbishop of Mainz, was rebuilt according to Mangin's plans and several stone buildings were built in the surrounding hunting forest, now known as the Niederwald Landscape Park . A monopteros (temple) with a domed roof supported by meter-high columns, the artificial ruins of Rossel , the knight's hall and the magic cave with magic hut were built at particularly striking vantage points . This staging of the landscape as a forerunner of the romanticism of the Rhine was primarily reserved for the Count and his guests, but on certain dates the population also enjoyed it. The romantic Monopteros, built by Mangin for Count von Ostein in 1788, is still an attraction today. Mangin let the rotunda rest on eight Roman columns made of red sandstone and painted the vault. Many famous personalities visited this romantic place, including Clemens Brentano , Ludwig van Beethoven and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe on September 3, 1814. He was moved by the magnificent beauty of the Rheingau . In November 1944, the temple was destroyed in Allied bombing raids. At the beginning of the 21st century, the reconstruction of the Monopteros took place with considerable effort.
1790–1791, as engineer lieutenant JFX Mangin, he made plans for the Königstein fortress in the Taunus, which was then bombed in 1792.
In 1790, François Ignace Mangin was involved in the designs for the decoration of the Imperial Cathedral of St. Bartholomew on the occasion of the coronation of Emperor Leopold II on October 9, 1790 in Frankfurt am Main . These works were expressly praised by Goethe.
In 1790 Mangin received the order from Landgrave Karl Emanuel von Hessen-Rotenburg , the penultimate ruler of the Kassel branch line Hessen-Rotenburg, to rebuild the north wing of the palace in his Residenz Rotenburg in the classical style and to completely demolish the older east wing. The conception of the originally two-storey four-wing building in the Renaissance style with its four striking corner stair towers on the banks of the Fulda , which Landgrave Wilhelm IV of Hessen-Kassel and his son Moritz had built as a summer residence between 1571 and 1607 , was abandoned. With the help of Mangin, today's castle is only a three-wing complex that corresponds to the building habits of the time.
On April 18, 1793, Mangin received an order to produce a sculpture for a side altar in Mainz Cathedral. The order was withdrawn a little later because of the threat of war.
During the siege of the city of Mainz , the Dompropstei, which had been newly built by Mangin six years earlier, was so badly damaged on June 29, 1793 that it could not be rebuilt due to lack of time, as the electoral court in Mainz had to die four years later in 1797 Leave town again. In 1808, the last remains of the Dompropstei were demolished in favor of today's Gutenbergplatz . The provost's office stood roughly at the point where the Mainz State Theater is located on Ludwigsstrasse today. Goethe initially praised the palatial architectural and decorative execution of the building by the architect, but in 1793 accused Mangin of setting fire to his own building. The fire was probably a consequence of the bombing of the French occupied city by the Prussians on July 17, 1793, which led to the destruction of numerous important buildings.
literature
- Charles Henri Pierre Colombier (1896–1958): The story of the true French architect Mangin in Mainz. In: ANTARES: French booklets for art, literature and science. Waldemar Klein Verlag, Baden-Baden; Volume No. 3, April 1954.
- Friedrich Dorst: Charles Mangin and his buildings in the Trier and Mainz lands. Dissertation. Darmstadt University of Applied Sciences, Mainz 1917.
- Hans Christoph Dittscheid, Reinhard Schneider: François Ignaçe Mangin and the architecture of French classicism. To his buildings in Trier and Wallerstein. In: MzZs. 76, 1981, pp. 125-144.
Individual evidence
Web links
- Entry on Monaise Castle (1) in the database of cultural assets in the Trier region ., A work by François Ignaçe Mangin
- Entry on Monaise Castle (2) in the database of cultural assets in the Trier region ., An appreciation of the work of François Ignaçe Mangin
- The Mainz Dompropstei from 1781–1786, a work by Francois Ignace Mangin
- L'ARCHITECTE LORRAIN FRANÇOIS MANGIN, HÉROS INVOLONTAIRE D'UNE “AFFAIRE” IMMORTALISÉE PAR GOETHE DANS SON “SIÈGE DE MAYENCE” - 1793
- * 1790–1791 works or plans for the Königstein fortress in the Taunus by FIMangin
- Remodeling work 1787–1791 on the Niederwald hunting lodge near Rüdesheim
- Order from April 18, 1793 to produce a sculpture for a side altar in Mainz Cathedral, which was withdrawn a little later because of the risk of war.
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Mangin, François Ignace |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Mangin, François Ignaz |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French architect |
| DATE OF BIRTH | July 31, 1742 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Pont-à-Mousson |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1809 |
| Place of death | Paris |