Francisco Javier de Istúriz

Francisco Javier de Istúriz

Francisco Javier de Istúriz (born October 31, 1790 in Cádiz , † April 16, 1871 in Madrid ) was a Spanish statesman and President of Spain ( Presidente de Gobierno ) . He was a revolutionary liberal until 1823 and eventually had to flee into exile before the reaction . After his return from exile in 1834, the revolutionary verve had evaporated. At times he pursued a downright restorative policy.

Life

Revolution of 1820 and Trienio Liberal

After the return of Ferdinand VII, Francisco Javier de Istúriz, together with his brother Don Tomás de Istúriz, a deputy of the Cortes from 1812 to 1814, was involved in the preparation of the Spanish Revolution of 1820 that broke out on January 1, 1820 , as a result of which the 1814 suspended constitution from 1812 reinstated and the Trienio Liberal ("The Free Three Years") initiated.

After the constitution was restored, he became a deputy of the Cortes in 1822 , its president in 1823 ( Presidente de la Cámara ) and went to Seville, where he voted for the king's suspension. He represented the policy of the Exaltados .

First exile

The French invasion decided by the Holy Alliance at the Verona Congress , however, brings about a restoration. The death sentence was passed on him. He managed to escape to London.

Return to Spain, change to conservative

As a result of the amnesty he was allowed to return to Spain in 1834. On June 30, 1834 he was elected Member of Parliament ( Congreso de los Diputados ), where he represented the constituencies of Cadiz , Huelva and Baleares in the following years with interruptions until after the elections of September 15, 1844 . He rejoined the Radical Party early on in Madrid and was involved in the preparations for the uprising of the Milicia urbana to overthrow the government of José María Queipo de Llano Ruiz de Saravia in August 1835.

The uprising failed, however, and Istúriz had to hide for a while. When his friend Juan Álvarez Mendizábal came to the head of the ministry soon afterwards , he became its trusted advisor and received the presidency of the Chamber of Procurators ( Presidente del Estamento de los Procuradores del Reino ). However, significant differences quickly emerged between him and Mendizabal, who excluded him from the Presidium when the Chamber reassembled in March 1836.

His fierce opposition to the " desamortizaciones " in Spain called the secularization of church property now brought about the overthrow of Mendizábal, in whose place he received the presidency and foreign affairs in the new government on May 15, 1836. This met with general aversion and was overthrown in August 1836 by the La Granja rebellion , which also forced the Queen to restore the constitution of 1812.

Second exile

Istúriz had to flee and went via Lisbon to London and later to Paris.

Moderately conservative work

Returned to Spain, he swore the constitution in 1837 and came again in 1838 as a deputy of the province of Cadiz in the Cortes, of which he became president.

He was now the mastermind of the conservative liberal moderados . Although he was hostile to the bourgeois regent Espartero , who leaned toward the radical liberal progressive , but whether his authoritarian inclinations also earned opposition from their ranks, he knew how to assert himself under his rule and secretly work for the return of Queen Christine. In 1843 the moderados came to power for a decade. In December 1845 he was appointed Senator ( Senador Vitalicio ). In 1846 Istúriz was again president of the government, during his reign the so-called Spanish marriages came about. In the same year he signed a partial amnesty that eventually allowed the progressives to return to power temporarily. In December 1846 he was overthrown by a vote of no confidence by the Cortes.

From 1847 to 1848 and 1850 he was envoy to London; In 1856 an extraordinary mission took him to Petersburg, and two years later he was again ambassador to London, where he remained until February 1862. In 1858 he was the district president and also the president of the Senate. He then became President of the Spanish Council of State and represented Spain at the French court from March 1863 to October 1864, after which he withdrew into private life.

See also

• History of Spain:
  • The Spanish War of Independence 1808–1813
  • Carlist Wars (1833–1876)

literature

• Isturiz . In: Heinrich August Pierer , Julius Löbe (Hrsg.): Universal Lexicon of the Present and the Past . 4th edition. tape 9 . Altenburg 1860, p. 99-100 ( zeno.org ).
• Istúriz, Don Francesco Xavier de . In: Meyers Konversations-Lexikon . 4th edition. Volume 9, Verlag des Bibliographisches Institut, Leipzig / Vienna 1885–1892, pp. 52–52.

Web links

• Biography (spanish)
• Biography on the homepage of the Spanish government presidents ( Memento of February 2, 2008 in the Internet Archive ) (Spanish)
• The governments of the Kingdom of Spain from 1833 to 1868 ( Memento of February 24, 2012 in the Internet Archive )

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c} List of Members of Parliament from 1810 to 1977
2. ↑ ^{a b c} President on congreso.es (Spanish)
3. ↑ The cabinets during the term of office of Isabella II. (1833–1843) , on xtec.es, viewed August 8, 2010 (Spanish)
4. ↑ Opponents in many respects, as both parties were against the Carlist striving for a return to absolutism . Most of the Spanish government presidents at the time had been in office for less than a year.
5. ↑ Appointment as senator on senado.es, as seen on August 8, 2010 (Spanish).
6. ↑ The cabinets during the term of office of Isabella II. (Década Moderada: 1843-1854) on xtec.es, viewed August 8, 2010 (Spanish)
7. ^ The cabinets during the term of office of Isabella II. (Unión Liberal: 1856–1868) on xtec.es, viewed August 8, 2010 (Spanish)
8. ↑ President ( Memento of the original from November 4, 2011 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Senate, XII. Legislative period 1858, viewed on senado.es, August 8, 2010 (Spanish)  
9. ↑ President ( Memento of the original from December 28, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. of the Senate, XII. Legislative period 1858, viewed on senado.es, August 8, 2010 (Spanish)  

predecessor	Office	successor
Juan Álvarez Mendizábal	Governor of Spain May 15, 1836-14. August 1836	José María Calatrava
Ramón María Narváez	Government President of Spain 1846–1847	Carlos Martínez de Irujo
Francisco Armero Peñaranda	Government President of Spain 1858	Leopoldo O'Donnell

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