Franz Scholl

Franz von Scholl, lithograph by Josef Kriehuber , 1835

Franz Scholl (born January 8, 1772 in Aachen , † September 3, 1838 in Verona ) was an Austrian officer and engineer for fortress construction.

Life

Partial view of the Reduit in Mainz-Kastel on the Rhine

Lock Nauders from the south

Scholl began his military career, in which he reached the rank of field marshal-lieutenant , in 1796. Between 1796 and 1815 he participated in various campaigns in Italy, France and Germany: campaigns on the Rhine, blockade of Venice, battle of the Nations near Leipzig , bombardment of Erfurt and Belfort, blockade of Besançon.

He dealt with the art of construction and fortification early on. The ideas and intentions of Marc-René de Montalembert had a decisive influence on Scholl. He took over the development of the system of detached forts, the elimination of the bastion fortress type and the tenenill system, the arrangement of multi-storey gun floors in polygonal or round cavaliers in lower towers goes back to him. During the blockade of Venice in 1805 he was able to put his inclinations into practice for the first time. His improved jumps got the attention and approval of the genius director on site.

plant

Scholl was used to build fortresses in Styria in the Kingdom of Illyria and Trieste , as well as to fortify Altenmarkt, Leutasch , Spital am Pyhrn and the position near Prewald.

In 1824 he was appointed to lead the expansion of the Mainz fortress . Under his genius direction, he built a number of buildings that are among the most striking in Austrian fortification history. In Mainz these included the forts Weisenau , Heiligkreuz, Hartenberg, Hartmühl and the Reduit . In 1832 he was commissioned to design the Franzensfeste . From 1833 he expanded the Verona fortress in the fortress quadrangle Mantua-Peschiera del Garda-Verona-Legnago and had the Nauders roadblock built between 1834 and 1840.

Orders and decorations

On April 4, 1831, Scholl was awarded the Commander's Cross II. Class of the Military Order of St. Henry in recognition of the services he had acquired in expanding the Mainz fortress . In 1833 Scholl was appointed to the simple nobility. After visiting the Franzensfeste in 1838, Franz II awarded him the Commander's Cross of the Austrian-Imperial Leopold Order immediately before his death .

The engineer Franz Scholl died on September 3, 1838 in Verona at the age of 56. In the Austrian Soldier Friend (1853) he is referred to as "Austrian Vauban ".

Works

Fortificatory Creed.

literature

Constantin von Wurzbach : Scholl, Franz von . In: Biographisches Lexikon des Kaiserthums Oesterreich . 31st part. Imperial-Royal Court and State Printing Office, Vienna 1876, p. 203 f. ( Digitized version ).
F. Hillbrand grill: Scholl Franz (Arnold Wilhelm) von. In: Austrian Biographical Lexicon 1815–1950 (ÖBL). Volume 11, Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Vienna 1999, ISBN 3-7001-2803-7 , p. 116 f. (Direct links on p. 116 , p. 117 ).

Individual evidence

↑ The Royal Saxon Military St. Heinrichs Order 1736–1918. An honor sheet of the Saxon Army. Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1937, p. 53.

personal data
SURNAME	Scholl, Franz
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Scholl, Franz von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Austrian officer and engineer for fortress construction
DATE OF BIRTH	January 8, 1772
PLACE OF BIRTH	Aachen
DATE OF DEATH	September 3, 1838
Place of death	Verona

[1] The Royal Saxon Military St. Heinrichs Order 1736–1918. An honor sheet of the Saxon Army. Wilhelm and Bertha von Baensch Foundation, Dresden 1937, p. 53.