Speyer cemetery

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General plan of the Speyer cemetery; clearly visible below is the older part with axially symmetrical structure around the central cemetery cross and the alignment of the central axis to the chapel / morgue in the west
central cemetery cross of Gottfried Renn's Speyer cemetery with grave lights
Mourning hall / chapel / morgue of the Speyer cemetery, a new building from 1926

The Speyer cemetery, laid out in 1880 and now around 17 hectares in size, is located well north of the historic Speyer settlement area , west of the Wormser Landstrasse, between the now expanded core city and the Speyer-Nord district that emerged in the 1930s .

The original walled system between Wormser Landstrasse in the east, Altem Postweg in the south and Hertrichweg in the west is divided into grid squares and laid out axially symmetrically. A main entrance on Wormser Landstrasse leads along a straight path past a large cemetery cross by Gottfried Renn in the center to the mourning hall / chapel with morgue in the west. From the grave cross in the center, a main avenue leads south and north.

prehistory

The Speyer cemetery, today the only active one in Speyer, replaced the old Speyer cemetery , which had become too small, and which was also west of the Wormser Landstrasse but immediately north of the old city wall at the Hirschgraben . This was in operation from 1502 to 1881 and was converted into Adenauerpark in 1958. To the west of the Friedenskirche St. Bernhard in the south-western area of ​​this park there is still around the Gothic chapel of Our Lady , built around 1515, a fenced-off area with partly medieval cathedral capitular graves, a late Baroque cemetery cross by PA Linck from 1782 and numerous graves of greater importance Speyer personalities of the 18th and 19th centuries and since 2017 the grave of Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl . The name New Cemetery for the Speyer Cemetery still comes from the transition decades from the old cemetery to the large new complex .

Extensions

The " new " cemetery was expanded axially symmetrically several times and finally jumped over the northern wall entirely. This new area, now larger than the older area, runs in the west beyond Hertrichweg along Brunckstraße, behind which the industrial area is connected to the west along the railway line, to the north behind the single-row residential / commercial development along Landwehrstraße or west of the Wormser Landstrasse.

  • Stephan Heussler's tomb on the cemetery wall on Wormser Landstrasse

  • Avenue north of the large cemetery cross

  • Graves on the main path from Wormser Landstrasse to the cemetery cross and the mourning hall

Monument zone Neuer Friedhof

The original area of ​​the cemetery in the walled area was declared a monument zone on December 15, 1982. The protection purpose of the monument zone is to preserve the historical structure of the cemetery, the tombs with the tombs in their original place, the large cemetery cross and the cemetery chapel and mortuary.

Memorials and graves of honor, religious cemeteries

At the Speyer cemetery there are cemeteries of honor for German soldiers who died in the First World War and the Second World War .

The cemetery of honor for the French soldiers who died in the First and Second World Wars is in the area north and east of the morgue. Members of the French community of Speyers were and are buried in the area of ​​the French cemetery of honor.

At the end of the avenue south of the central grave cross, on a pedestal made of lava stone, there is a double cross for Franz Hellinger and Ferdinand Wiesmann , two members of a murder squad who were fatally wounded in the fatal assassination attempt on the separatist leaders of the so-called Autonomous Palatinate on January 9, 1924 were. The memorial stone bears their names and dates on the north side and the sentence on the south side: The freedom fighters of January 9, 1924 .

Special areas are also available to the Catholic orders based in Speyer and the Protestant deaconesses .

There is a memorial stone for the expellees next to the site of honor .

  • Inscription Ehrenfriedhof 1914–1918

  • Cemetery of honor for the dead of the First World War in front of the mourning hall

  • Monument to Franz Hellinger and Ferdinand Wiesmann

  • Plan of the cemetery of honor for the dead of the Second World War

  • View of the center of the cemetery of honor for the dead of the Second World War

  • Detail, cemetery of honor for the dead of the Second World War

  • Detail, cemetery of honor for the dead of the Second World War

  • List of buried German soldiers of the Second World War

  • Plan of the French cemetery of honor

  • Memorial stone on the French cemetery of honor

  • Order cemetery

  • Order cemetery

  • Order cemetery

Special departments

Israelite cemetery

The Jewish community has had its own department in the southern area since 1888. This part is legally considered a separate cemetery that is administered by the Jewish community and is only subject to legal supervision, not the administration of the city of Speyer. The predecessor of this cemetery was the old Jewish cemetery in the Bahnhofstrasse area.

BASF disaster in 1924

In addition to the memorial stone for those who fell in the attack on the separatists, several graves of honor were laid for the victims of the great BASF disaster of 1921 .

Resting Little Life

To the north of the mourning hall, a place of remembrance and a burial place for children who died or were stillborn during pregnancy was set up, the resting place Kleines Leben. This facility was initiated by the Speyer Deaconess Hospital, which operates a very large maternity ward and children's clinic.

Usage rules and fees

The rules for using the Speyer cemetery result from the statutes for the cemetery and funeral services of the city of Speyer dated May 31, 2006. The costs of using the cemetery are specified in the fee statute for cemetery fees of the city of Speyer, statute on the collection of 23 May 2006. February 1989 i. d. F. of July 27, 2007.

Change in forms of burial

Up until the beginning of the 1980s, over 90% of all burials were coffin / burial. The cremations / urn burials offered since the 1950s were below 10% until 1980. Since then, massive change has set in for over 30 years. In the 2010s there were 55% burials and 45% urn burials.

Grave forms

Traditionally, row graves and elective graves with enclosures and standing tombstones are offered for these types of burial .

  • Row graves are only permitted for one burial and exist for 20 years, which can be shortened to 15 years for urn burials. There is no possibility of extension.
  • In the case of elective graves / leased graves, further burials are permitted (depending on the size) and they are leased for 30 years. The lease can be extended so that the tomb can remain in the family's possession for decades. The tenant receives a grave certificate.

The proportion of these traditional forms of burial decreased from over 70% to around 25% in the period from the late 1980s to the early 2010s.

Lawn graves have also been offered for both types of burial since the 1980s , the maintenance of which is paid for in advance by municipal employees. This option was initially used by 10% of relatives, which expanded to 45% in the 2010s. The city does not want to expand the large lawns and open spaces in order to maintain the park character. The maintenance proved to be labor-intensive and cost-intensive, also because of the irrigation lines.

In the opinion of the cemetery administration, the strong demand for burials in regional quiet forests such as in Bad Dürkheim and cemetery forests such as in neighboring Dudenhofen showed an interest in burials in nature and especially burials under trees. However, the regional alternatives are difficult to reach for relatives by public transport. That is why the Speyer cemetery offers other forms of burial or is preparing others:

  • Tree burials with decomposable organic urns under old trees, such as the over 100-year-old sequoia , and new plantings. A small grave or memorial stone may be set up. The area is maintained by cemetery employees.

Planned:

  • Tree grave : These are organic urn burials under groups of trees at the edge of the path or prominent corner points and crossroads. In contrast to the tree burials, no individual grave markings and therefore no grave decorations are possible. A common memorial stone is to be offered.
  • Community urn grave: urns are buried in existing graves, especially historical, partly listed graves, supplemented with a small communal gravestone, but without individual grave decorations.
  • Garden graveyard : In departments 64 and 65, a garden landscape of 8000 m² with a small stream will be laid out. In the peripheral area, burials in the ground are permitted, otherwise urn burials, for which small community memorial stones are planned for several grave sites.

literature

  • Clemens Jöckle : The cemetery in Speyer. 1st edition. Schnell & Steiner, Munich / Zurich 1991, ISBN 3-7954-5660-6 . (Little Art Guide, No. 1940)
  • Johannes Bruno : Israelitischer Friedhof in Speyer, existing since 1888. German-Israelische Gesellschaft (Ed.) Arbeitsgemeinschaft Pfalz (leaflet), Speyer 1998.
  • Johannes Bruno: The modern Jewish cemeteries in Speyer. In: The Jews in Speyer. 3. Edition. District group Speyer Historical Association of the Palatinate, Speyer 2004, pp. 197–208. (Contributions to the history of the city of Speyer, No. 9)

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Hartmut Jossé: Alternative forms of burial in the Speyer cemetery , spontaneous. The employee magazine of the Speyer city administration, issue 47, May 2012, p. 18
  2. ^ Herbert Dellwing : Kulturdenkmäler in Rheinland-Pfalz, Volume 1 Stadt Speyer, Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1992, p. 4.
  3. ^ Herbert Dellwing : Kulturdenkmäler in Rheinland-Pfalz, Volume 1 Stadt Speyer, Schwann Verlag, Düsseldorf 1992, p. 9.
  4. ↑ Ordinance on placing a monument zone under protection. (PDF; 320 KB) December 14, 1992, p. 4 , accessed on January 15, 2016 .
  5. ↑ The ant works in the dark. Anonymous looks after French graves in Germany. In: Voice & Way, 2/2012. P. 15.
  6. ↑ http://denkmalprojekt.org/2009/speyer_freiheitskaempfer_rp.htm
  7. ^ Gerhard graves, Matthias Spindler : The Palatinate Liberators
  8. ↑ http://denkmalprojekt.org/2009/speyer_heimatvertriebe_on_rp.htm
  9. ↑ Little Life resting place, Speyer cemetery. (PDF; 259 KB) p. 1 , accessed on February 21, 2018 .
  10. ^ Statute for the cemetery and funeral system of the city of Speyer from May 31, 2006 ( Memento from December 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) PDF file
  11. ^ Cemetery fees 2007 ( Memento from December 21, 2010 in the Internet Archive )
  12. ↑ Hartmut Jossé: Alternative forms of burial in the Speyer cemetery , spontaneous. The employee magazine of the Speyer city administration, issue 47, May 2012, pp. 18–20
  13. ↑ for the whole section: Hartmut Jossé: Alternative forms of burial in the Speyer cemetery , spontaneous. The employee magazine of the Speyer city administration, issue 47, May 2012, pp. 18–20

See also

Web links

Commons : Friedhof Speyer  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Official, legal relationships

Jewish Cemetery

Soldiers' and honorary cemeteries

Coordinates: 49 ° 20 ′ 7 ″  N , 8 ° 25 ′ 36 ″  E