Friedrich IV. (Salm-Kyrburg)

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Friedrich IV. Ernst Otto Philipp Anton Furnibert, Prince of Salm-Kyrburg (born December 14, 1789 in Paris , † August 14, 1859 in Brussels ) was one of the two sovereign princes in the alongside Konstantin Alexander Joseph zu Salm-Salm (1762–1828) Principality of Salm (1802–1811).

Life

The construction of the Hôtel de Salm (Musée Carnavalet, Paris)

His father was Friedrich III. Prince zu Salm-Kyrburg (1745–1794), the builder of the Hôtel de Salm in Paris. His mother was Johanna Franziska von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1765–1790). Friedrich IV became an orphan at an early age. His mother died at Kirn Castle in 1790 . His father was killed in the French Revolution ; he was guillotined in Paris a few days before the end of the reign of terror on July 25, 1794 .

By means of the Reichsdeputationshauptschluss 1803, Frederick IV obtained sovereignty over a third of the offices of Bocholt and Ahaus, which had previously belonged to the secularized Principality of Münster , as compensation for the lost Principality of Salm-Kyrburg on the left of the Rhine, which was ceded to France by the Holy Roman Empire in the Peace of Lunéville in 1801 had been. The other two thirds had been assigned to Prince Konstantin Alexander Joseph zu Salm-Salm as a new rule and compensation for the lands left of the Rhine that were also lost. The princes of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg ruled the assigned lands together as the Principality of Salm .

Since Prince Friedrich IV was of legal age on December 14, 1810, his uncle, Prince Moritz zu Salm-Kyrburg (1761–1813), and his aunt, Princess Amalie Zephyrine von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (1760–1841) acted as guardian regents in the Principality of Salm.

In 1806, Prince Friedrich IV was one of the founders of the Rhine Confederation , a military and state confederation under Napoléon's protectorate . With this alliance, Prince Friedrich IV gained full sovereignty for himself and his country. In fact, the small principality of Salm was largely a satellite state of France. In the Rhine Confederation Act , Frederick IV was also assigned the small, previously imperial direct rule of Gemen near Borken to rule.

In 1797 his aunt, Princess Amalie Zephyrine von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, had retired the French colonel. D. Charles de Voumard (1761–1841) appointed educator of eight-year-old Friedrich. This later bore the name of Karl Heinrich Voumard von Wehrburg. Rumors circulated around him that he was the extramarital companion of the princess. Because of his old nobility, his father's longstanding French military service and the excellent relationships his aunt Amalie had with the imperial family, Frederick IV was able to advance quickly to Napoléon's personal orderly officer in his military career, which began in 1806 with a brief visit to the military school in Fontainebleau . In 1807 he was employed in Portugal under Andoche Junot . In 1808 he is said to have been captured in Spain, taken to Tarragona and later released on word of honor to France. In 1809 he was a participant in the battle of Wagram . In the Russian campaign in 1812 , he took part as Chef d'escadrons in the 7 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval . He finally saw the end of Napoleonic rule as a French colonel in Italy.

On December 13, 1810, one day before Frederick IV's 21st birthday, France annexed the Principality of Salm. After the collapse of French rule (1813-1814), the princes of Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg did not succeed in regaining sovereignty over their principality. The Congress of Vienna assigned sovereignty over the territory of the Principality of Salm to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1815 . The princes zu Salm-Salm and Salm-Kyrburg were henceforth only noblemen in Prussia, whereby they received an annual pension of 20,000 thalers as compensation for the waiver of jurisdiction.

After his discharge from French military service, Friedrich lived alternately in his castle Ahaus and in Ormesson near Paris. After he had ceded his share in the rulership of Ahaus and Bocholt to Prince Florentin zu Salm-Salm in exchange for an annuity in 1825 , Friedrich still owned the (titular) principality of Hornes as well as the lords of Leuze, Pecq and Boxtel, whose income - together with the Salm-Salm's pension for the lordship of Ahaus and Bocholt - were valued at around 200,000 guilders in 1836.

In 1846 Friedrich had the race mountain castle built near Linz on the Rhine as his family's summer residence .

Marriage and offspring

Prince Frederick IV married on January 11, 1815 Cécile Rosalie Prévôt , baronne de Bourdeaux (1783–1866), with whom he had a son:

  • Friedrich V (1823–1887), Prince of Salm-Kyrburg ⚭ 1844 Princess Eléonore de La Trémoille (1827–1846)
    • Friedrich VI. (1845–1905), Prince of Salm-Kyrburg ⚭ 1883 Louise Marie Mathilde Marguerita Cornelia Irmin Le Grand (1864–1949, morganatic marriage, in 1885 by Ernst II of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha as Freiin von Eichhof in the hereditary nobility of Saxony -Coburg and Gotha, accepted into the hereditary Prussian nobility in 1917 by Wilhelm II as Freiin von Rennenberg, six children)

literature

  • Salm-Kyrburg (Friedrich IV., Ernst Otto, Prince of) . In: General German Real Encyclopedia for the educated classes. Conversations Lexicon. New episode. In two volumes. Second section of the second volume or the main work, twelfth volume, second half. S – Z, and supplements. Verlag FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1826, p. 13 f.
  • Salm-Kyrburg (Friedrich IV. Ernst Otto, Prince of) . In: General German Real Encyclopedia for the educated classes. Conversations Lexicon. Eighth original edition. In twelve volumes. Ninth volume. R to Schu. FA Brockhaus, Leipzig 1836, p. 617.
  • Salm-Kyrburg . In: Genealogisches und Staats-Handbuch . Sixty-fifth vintage. Publisher by Johann Friedrich Wenner, Frankfurt am Main, 1827, p. 553.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Werner Steim: Helene von Schatzberg (1799–1861) , PDF file, lecture manuscript in the portal museumsverein.worblingen.info , Worblingen 2009, accessed on August 3, 2013

Web links
personal data
SURNAME Friedrich IV.
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Friedrich IV. Ernst Otto Philipp Anton Furnibert Prince of Salm-Kyrburg; Friedrich IV of Salm-Kyrburg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION sovereign prince in the principality of Salm
DATE OF BIRTH December 14, 1789
PLACE OF BIRTH Paris
DATE OF DEATH August 14, 1859
Place of death Brussels