Fuchs's orchid

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Fuchs's orchid
Dactylorhiza fuchsii Mariazell 01.JPG

Fuchs's orchid ( Dactylorhiza fuchsii )

Systematics
Family : Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily : Orchidoideae
Tribe : Orchideae
Sub tribus : Orchidinae
Genre : Orchids ( Dactylorhiza )
Type : Fuchs's orchid
Scientific name
Dactylorhiza fuchsii
Druce ex Soó

Fuchs' Knabenkraut ( Dactylorhiza fuchsii ) also Fuchs' cinquefoil or, more rarely, Fox 'fingerwort belongs to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). The species is named after the Tübingen professor of medicine Leonhard Fuchs , author of numerous medical works and author of the famous herbal books.

description

Habit and leaves

Fuchs' orchid is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of about 20 to 90 centimeters. The pithy stem is not hollow. The leaves are 5 to 10 (to 12) cm long, the tip of the uppermost leaf is far from the inflorescence in this species. The leaves are dark green on top, lighter on the underside and mostly have transverse oval spots. The lower leaves are clustered in a rosette, the lowest leaf is remarkably short and blunt.

Inflorescence and flowers

Flower detail

The dense and floriferous inflorescence is initially conical, then cylindrical. The flowers are dark purple, more rarely white and more or less drawn with dots and lines, usually also with a symmetrical loop pattern on the lip. The bracts are usually shorter than the flower. The lip is smaller than that of the spotted orchid ( Dactylorhiza maculata ) and deeply cut in three parts. The middle lobes are protruding and more than half the size of a lateral lobe. The flowering period is from June to July.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 20, 40, 60 or 80.

Occurrence and distribution

The distribution area extends from Europe to Mongolia. Mixed coniferous forests, fresh meadows, flat and spring moors from the colline to subalpine altitude are preferred as locations. This species is moderately common in Austria , but there is still no precise information about the exact distribution. According to Oberdorfer, the species thrives in Central Europe on alternately moist to wet, preferably base-rich, also calcareous, humus-rich clayey soils in societies of the Scheuchzerio-Caricetea class or the Erico-Pinion, Mesobromion or the Galio-Abietenion sub-group. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises on the Linkerskopf in Bavaria up to 2100 meters above sea level.

Taxonomy

There is disagreement among taxonomists as to whether Fuchs's orchid is actually - as described here - its own species or just a subspecies or even just a variety of the very variable blotchy root . According to this, some florists manage the clan as part of Dactylorhiza maculata s. lat. at.

R. Govaerts lists the following subspecies:

  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. carpatica (Batoušek & Kreutz) Kreutz : It occurs in the Carpathian Mountains .
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soó subsp. fuchsii : It occurs from Europe to Mongolia .
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. hebridensis (Wilmott) Soó : It occurs in Great Britain and in western Ireland .
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. okellyi (Druce) Soó : It occurs in western Great Britain and western Ireland.
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. psychrophila (Schltr.) Holub (Syn .: Dactylorhiza maculata var. psychrophila (Schltr.) Vöth , Dactylorhiza psychrophila (Schltr.) Aver. ): It occurs from Europe to Siberia . The chromosome number is 2n = 80.
  • Dactylorhiza fuchsii subsp. sooana (Borsos) Borsos : It occurs in the Carpathian Mountains.

photos

  • Fuchs' orchid on location in a clearing in the
    Swabian-Franconian Forest

  • Habitus

  • inflorescence

  • Fruit cluster

  • White flowering fox orchid

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  284 .
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Dactylozjiza fuchsii. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved November 29, 2016.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 1, IHW, Eching 2001, ISBN 3-930167-50-6 , p. 376.
  4. ↑ Manfred A. Fischer, Josef Fally: Plant Guide Burgenland , Deutschkreutz 2006, p. 254, ISBN 3-901573-09-7
  5. ↑ z. E.g. Manfred A. Fischer , Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 1055.

Web links

Commons : Fuchs' Knabenkraut  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files