Vitis labrusca
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The wild grapevine Vitis labrusca (belongs to the American grapevine group ) comes from the east of the USA and is distributed to the Mississippi and from southern Canada to southern Georgia . Because of its properties, it was distributed practically all over the world. Due to the pronounced fox tone , it is also known as the fox vine or strawberry vine .
Vitis labrusca is the longest known American wild grape and was described by Carl von Linné as early as 1763. The Isabella and Concord varieties were also created through natural crossing . They are used as table grapes and were also used to make juice and jam. To a lesser extent, they are also used to make wine.
Descent, meaning
- Wild grapevine
Vitis labrusca plays a major role in the development of hybrid vines and, with its selections and crossings, forms the basis for tropical grape production with grape varieties such as Isabella or Bangalore Blue . In the USA it is also of great importance in the breeding of table grapes and varieties for juice production. Concord is the most important, with around 80% of all varieties derived from Vitis labrusca . Other important varieties in this area are Catawba , Clinton , Dutches , Delaware , Niagara , Noah , Sheridan and Fredonia .
properties
It likes particularly sunny locations with loamy, not too moist or sandy soils and is somewhat sensitive to lime. The resistance to phylloxera is not very pronounced. The resistance to powdery mildew is good, with very good resistance to downy mildew . It roots very easily and has good frost resistance. Because of its susceptibility to phylloxera, it is of limited use as a rootstock.
Ampelographic features
Their shoot tips are tomentose and hairy white with a reddish edge. The five-lobed leaves are tomentose on the underside. In contrast to all other species, the shoots have a continuous tendril position. This means that a tendril emerges in every node. The medium-sized flowers are often hermaphroditic or otherwise dioecious. Its grapes are medium-sized and cylindrical, with round, medium-sized berries. The berries have a firm skin and cohesive pulp with the well-known strong Fox tone. It evokes strong associations with artificial strawberries or raspberries. Vitis labrusca gets the Fox-tone from different aromatic substances, u. a. Furaneol and methyl anthranilate , which are not found in Vitis vinifera .
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 38.
In early descriptions of Vitis labrusca, trunk diameters of 30 cm were reported. Such observations are a real rarity today.
Wine
The wine made from varieties of this grape variety is of poor quality and has a strange aroma due to the Fox tone . Winemaking from the wild grapevine is rare even in the United States. It is mostly used as a table grape or to make grape juice, sparkling wine or jam.
Synonyms
Varieties: Black Fox, Fox Grape, Frost Grape, Northern Muscadine, Plum Grape, Skunk Grape, Swamp Grape. Synonyms: Vitis blandii Prince , Vitis canina Raf. , Vitis catawba hort., Vitis ferruginga Raf. , Vitis labrusca var. Subedentata Fernald , Vitis labrusca var. Typica rule , Vitis latifolia Raf. , Vitis luteola Raf. , Vitis sylvestris virginiana Bauhin , Vitis taurina Walter , Vitis vinifera sylvestris americana Pluk. , Vitis vinifera var. Labrusca Kuntze , Vitis vulpina Marshall .
literature
- Color atlas of the grape varieties , 300 varieties and their wines, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2nd edition, 1998, ISBN 3800157195
Web links
- BONAP's North American Plant Atlas (NAPA) ( Memento from January 21, 2013 in the Internet Archive )
- Vitis labrusca in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Vine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English)
Individual evidence
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 653.
- ↑ Vitis labrusca in the database Vitis International Variety Catalog of the Institute for Grapevine Breeding Geilweilerhof (English)