Yellow concrete
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Yellow betonia ( betonica alopecuros ) |
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The yellow Betonie ( Betonica alopecuros ), also Yellow Betonie , Yellow Ziest or Foxtail Ziest called, is a plant of the genus Betonien ( Betonica ) within the family of Labiatae (Lamiaceae).
description
Vegetative characteristics
The yellow betony is a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 20 to 40 centimeters. The upright stem is approximately cylindrical in cross-section with few, bristly hairs. The leaves are at the base of the stem. The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 5 to 10 inches long. With a length of 4 to 5 centimeters and a width of 5 to 6 centimeters, the leaf blade is triangular with a heart-shaped base and an irregularly serrated leaf edge.
Generative characteristics
The flowering period extends from June to August. The bracts are lanceolate and 6 to 7 millimeters long. The almost sessile flower is zygomorphic with a double flower cover . The calyx is hairy with bristles, the calyx tube 5 to 6 millimeters long, the calyx lobes 2 to 3 millimeters. The yellow crown 12 to 16 millimeters long.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Occurrence
The yellow concrete is widespread in the Alps , the Pyrenees and the Balkan Peninsula at altitudes between 300 and 2300 meters, to the south it penetrates in Italy in the Middle Apennines and in Greece as far as the Peloponnese .
In Germany the yellow concrete grows in the Allgäu, in the Bavarian Alps and near Berchtesgaden. In Austria it occurs scattered in the federal states of Salzburg, Carinthia, Styria, Upper Austria and Lower Austria from the upper montane to subalpine altitude . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part near Hinterhornbach up to an altitude of 1750 meters.
The yellow concrete populates sunny locations on fresh and mostly lime-rich subalpine to alpine mats as well as on rubble. It is a character species of the order Seslerietalia albicantis, but also occurs in mesobrometes or in societies of the Thlaspeion rotundifolii association.
Systematics
The yellow betony was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum . A frequently used synonym is Stachys alopecuros (L.) Benth.
In addition to the more widespread typical taxon , different forms from the central Apennines in Italy are known as Stachys alopecuros subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Grande distinguished. Within the genus Betonica , the name Betonica alopecuros subsp. divulsa (Ten.) Bartolucci & Peruzzi (Syn .: Betonica alopecuros var. divulsa (Ten.) Nyman ) can be used. This taxon also has chromosome number 2n = 16.
proof
- ^ A b c d e Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 , p. 778 . /
- ↑ Yellow concrete. In: FloraWeb.de. , accessed February 8, 2014.
- ↑ a b c d Sandro Pignatti (Ed.): Flora d'Italia . Vol. 2. Edagricole, Bologna 2003, ISBN 88-506-2449-2 , pp. 463 (third unaltered reprint of the 1st edition from 1982).
- ^ A b Claus Baden: Stachys. In: Arne Strid, Kit Tan (Ed.): Mountain Flora of Greece. Volume Two . Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh 1991, ISBN 0-7486-0207-0 , pp. 98–99 ( limited preview in Google Book Search).
- ↑ a b Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Betonica alopecuros. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved February 7, 2014.
- ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 399.
- ↑ Werner Rothmaler (greeting), Rudolf Schubert, Walter Vent (ed.): Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG. Volume 4. Critical Volume. 7th edition. People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012526-0 , p. 500.
- ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 808 .
- ↑ Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 2, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 573, digitized
- ↑ Betonica divulsa at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
Web links
- Betonica alopecuros L., yellow betony. In: FloraWeb.de.
- Yellow concrete . In: BiolFlor, the database of biological-ecological characteristics of the flora of Germany.
- Stachys alopecuros (L.) Benth. In: Info Flora , the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
- Thomas Meyer: Heilziest data sheet with identification key and photos at Flora-de: Flora von Deutschland (old name of the website: Flowers in Swabia ).