Fusarium culmorum

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Fusarium culmorum
Fusarium culmorum (01) .jpg

Fusarium culmorum

Systematics
Class : Sordariomycetes
Subclass : Hypocreomycetidae
Order : Crust ball mushrooms (Hypocreales)
Family : Pustel mushroom relatives (Nectriaceae)
Genre : Fusarium
Type : Fusarium culmorum
Scientific name
Fusarium culmorum
( Wm. G. Smith ) Sacc.

Fusarium culmorum is a fungus of the order of the crust ball-like mushrooms.

features

Characteristics on culture media

Fusarium culmorum quite often forms macroconidia on orange sporodochia on clove leaf agar (CLA) . On potato dextrose agar (PDA), Fusarium culmorum grows very quickly and produces copious amounts of sporodochia in a large central one to two centimeter spore mass that first turns pale orange, then turns (dark) brown with age. Spore rings can also be formed under changing culture conditions (light, temperature). Most of the strains produce red pigments in the agar, but some also produce olive-brown ones.

Microscopic features

The sporodochia are pale orange and slender and sickle to moon-shaped. The thick-walled macroconidia are short and stocky, are 20 to 30 µm long and are usually three to four times septate . While the dorsal side is curved, the ventral side is almost straight. Your apical cell is rounded and blunt. The basal cell is notched. The macroconidia are usually very uniform. They are formed either by monophialides or by branched conidiophores . Microconidia are not present. Chlamydospores are common, they are formed on CLA after three to five weeks. However, their absence is not a reliable feature for identification. When present, they occur in both hyphae and macroconidia and are produced in chains, clusters, or individually.

Similar species

Fusarium culmorum can particularly be confused with Fusarium sambucinum and Fusarium crookwellense , which both have similar hosts and occur in similar climatic regions. Fusarium sambucinum is characterized by its slow growth and its apical cell is papillary . Fusarium crookwellense differs from Fusarium culmorum in the shape of the macroconidia, which are longer, with a foot-shaped basal cell and a tapering apical cell.

Ecology and diffusion

Fusarium culmorum is common in temperate latitudes. The species occurs in the soil and also lives parasitically on grain. It often triggers a foot disease or a fall- back disease or an ear fusariosis , especially in the cooler areas of Europe. The symptoms can be exacerbated by interactions with the yellow dwarf virus . Fusarium culmorum can also cause diseases in cloves , hops , leeks , strawberries and spruce . In sorghum , a reduced was seed germination observed.

Fusarium culmorum was detected in the investigation of water- mixed cooling lubricants . In addition, it is regularly examined in this way as part of a round robin test to identify mold in indoor spaces and in food .

toxicology

Fusarium culmorum can form steroids and mycotoxins such as moniliformin , deoxynivalenol and related trichothecenes , fusarin C and zearalenone . Not all toxins have been identified yet. Their biosynthesis seems to be sensitive to temperature. Fusarium culmorum has also been linked to dermatitis in humans. The species is assigned to risk group 1 for genetic engineering work, so the work must be carried out under security level 1 . A classification into a risk group according to the Biological Agents Ordinance has not yet taken place, although Fusarium culmorum was designated as belonging to risk group 1 in investigations.

Taxonomy

Fusarium culmorum was first described by WG Smith in 1884 as Fusisporium culmorum . Saccardo classified the species in the genus Fusarium in 1895 . Mycobank knows four varieties : Fusarium culmorum var. Culmorum , Fusarium culmorum var. Letejus , Fusarium culmorum var. Majus and Fusarium culmorum var. Cereale . No main form of fruit is known.

literature

  • John F. Leslie, Brett A. Summerell: The Fusarium Laboratory Manual. Blackwell Publishing, 2006, ISBN 0-8138-1919-9 , pp. 158-159.

Individual evidence

  1. a b Contamination of water-mixed cooling lubricants (BGI / GUV-I 762). In: Website occupational safety . Retrieved July 20, 2014 .
  2. a b Round-robin test for the identification of molds in the interior and in food. (No longer available online.) In: Website Public Health Service Baden-Württemberg . Archived from the original on August 9, 2014 ; Retrieved July 20, 2014 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.gesundheitsamt-bw.de
  3. List of organisms - list of risk-assessed donor and recipient organisms. (No longer available online.) In: Website Federal Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety (BVL) . Formerly in the original ; Retrieved July 20, 2014 .  ( Page no longer available , search in web archivesInfo: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.bvl.bund.de  
  4. TRBA (Technical Rules for Biological Agents) 460: Classification of fungi in risk groups. In: Website of the Federal Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BAuA) . October 2002, p. 4 , accessed July 20, 2014 .
  5. ^ Mycobank , accessed July 18, 2014.