Passage grave of Missunde

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Passage grave of Missunde
Missunde-Ganggrab-1.jpg
Passage grave of Missunde (Schleswig-Holstein)
Red pog.svg
Coordinates 54 ° 31 '10.7 "  N , 9 ° 43' 17"  E Coordinates: 54 ° 31 '10.7 "  N , 9 ° 43' 17"  E
place Missunde , Schleswig-Holstein , Germany
height m

The passage grave of Missunde ( Danish Mysunde jættestue ) is located about 100 m south of the town of Missunde in the Eckernförde district in Schleswig-Holstein within the memorial for those who died in the Missunde battles . In Schleswig-Holstein, the Missunder megalithic complex is characteristic of passage graves with a trapezoidal floor plan in a round hill. Other large stone graves of this type occur in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Scandinavia . The funnel beaker culture (TBK) was built between 3500 and 2800 BC. The passage grave is a type of Neolithic megalithic system, which consists of a chamber and a structurally separated, lateral passage. This form is primarily found in Denmark, Germany and Scandinavia, as well as occasionally in France and the Netherlands.

history

In 1842 the southern part of the hill was removed and the chamber cleared. After the description of the facility by Lieutenant von Timm (1842) and the report by G. Schäfer, about the 1961/62 uncovering and restoration of the passage grave, the following findings emerge.

The hill

The east-west oriented chamber was located in a round hill with curbs. Its diameter was 30 to 35 m and its height was at least three meters.

The chamber

Scheme of passage grave (cross-section) 1 = support stone, 2 = cap stone, 3 = mound, 4 = seal, 5 = wedge stones, 6 = access, 7 = threshold stone. 8 = floor slabs, 9 = sub-floor depots, 10 = intermediate masonry 11 = curb stones

The Holstein chamber type chamber consisted of eleven bearing stones and four cap stones, two of which were completely preserved and the third a fragment. The gaps between the bearing stones were carefully filled with intermediate masonry. They were sealed off from the outside by a broad layer of clay interspersed with flint gravel. A stone mantle about a meter high, made of stones the size of a fist or head, surrounded the entire chamber. The mound of earth arched over this layer.

Dimensions

The 5.25 m long chamber floor plan is trapezoidal . The width is 2.2 m on the western narrow side formed from two stones and 1.68 m on the one-stone eastern side. Over the grown ground and a thin layer of fire lies a pavement of roughly hand-sized, mostly flat stones, mixed and covered with annealed flint. Thin layers of burnt clay lie on top. Finally, light-colored sand was sprinkled. The latter two layers are only present in a few places. These four layers were a total of around 16 cm thick, resulting in a clear chamber height of 1.3 m.

The quarter and the finds

In the western part of the chamber, four stone slabs set upright in the pavement separated a sloping quarter measuring 2.2 × 0.9 to 1.1 m. A clay vessel was allegedly found in it in 1842, and in 1961 remains of amber beads and a flint blade. Such quarters ( called sections in Sweden ) occur in only six systems in Schleswig-Holstein, while they are particularly frequent and numerous within the systems in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and Sweden. In the main part of the chamber to the east, only a few fragments with deep engraving and flint blades could be recovered, and skeletal remains that were very old could be observed. A deeply engraved bowl was found at the inner duct mouth .

The aisle

The southern long side has the 0.65 m wide entrance in the middle , which the inside about 0.8 m wide corridor meets. A stone found in the chamber that is no longer in situ could have served as a threshold stone . The south-facing corridor is said to have been almost seven meters long in 1842. It was provided with capstones and closed by stone slabs. Today there are only a few corridor stones (height 1.0 to 1.2 m) left, but uncovered shoulder tracks in 1961 show that the corridor was longer.

Current condition

During the restoration of the complex, the missing bearing stone at the southwest corner was replaced by the capstone fragment, the two intact capstones that were no longer found in situ were placed over the narrower east part of the chamber for safety reasons.

Passage grave of Missunde

literature

  • Jutta Roß: Megalithic graves in Schleswig-Holstein. Investigations into the structure of the tombs based on recent excavation findings . Kovač, Hamburg 1992, ISBN 3-86064-046-1 , (also: Hamburg, Univ., Master's thesis, 1987).
  • Ernst Sprockhoff : Atlas of the megalithic tombs of Germany. Part 1: Schleswig-Holstein. Rudolf Habelt Verlag, Bonn 1966, p. 19.

See also

Web links

Commons : Gang grave of Missunde  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files