Gastrotheca griswoldi
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Gastrotheca griswoldi |
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| Shreve , 1941 |
Gastrotheca griswoldi is a species of frogs from the genus of the pouch frogs ( Gastrotheca ) in the family Hemiphractidae, which is native to a small area of the Peruvian Andes . The specific epithet griswoldi honors John Augustus Griswold, Jr. , expedition member , ornithologist and bird curator of the Philadelphia Zoo .
features
The males reach a head-trunk length of 40 mm, the females of 43.5 mm. The lower leg is about as long as the foot and shorter than half the length of the head and torso. The head is slightly wider than it is long but not as wide as the body. The muzzle is bluntly rounded when viewed from above and in profile, a pale strip of lips is usually visible. A dark band runs between the eyes, which is connected to the drawing of the back. Projections above the eyes are missing. The tympanum (membrane of the hearing organ) is round, the distance from the eye corresponds to the diameter of the tympanum. The annulus (anulus tympanicus) is smooth. The first finger is shorter than the second, the discs are slightly wider than the fingers or toes. There is no webbing on the fingers. On the toes, the webbing extends maximally to the third to last subarticular tubercle on the fourth and to the penultimate subarticular tubercle on the fifth toe.
The back is warty, without transverse ridges. The back color is gray, green or light brown with darker markings next to the spine. The flanks are paler than the dorsal base color and have dark spots. The belly is cream-colored pale brown with dark spots. According to Duellman and Ruiz-Carranza (1986), the coloration of this species develops ontogenetically . Of 38 juvenile animals collected in January 1979 , 16 animals with a head-to-trunk length of 14.8 to 19.4 mm were uniformly green, 22 with a head-trunk length of 17.5 to 20.7 mm were uniformly brown or brown Gray. The green animals were significantly smaller, so that according to the authors, the color of young animals with an average head-trunk length of 19 mm changes from uniformly green to uniformly brown or gray. The drawing develops later.
distribution
Gastrotheca griswoldi is native to the Nudo de Pasco ( Pasco , Junín and Huánuco ) region in the central area of the Peruvian Andes at an altitude between 3000 and 4020 meters. Although these frogs are only found in a limited area of around 20,000 square kilometers, they are quite common within this remote region and their occurrence is not endangered.
Habitat and way of life
The habitat of Gastrotheca griswoldi is the dry Puna grassland. In addition, the species is also quite widespread on traditionally agricultural land. During the day it is often found under stones in damp places. In the treeless, high Andean regions, the species prefers rocky areas at the outlet of springs and stone accumulations. In the high elevations of the Andes, Gastrotheca griswoldi is a ground-dwelling species, in lower elevations it also occurs partially living on trees (semi-arboreal).
Young frogs develop directly from the eggs in the brood pouch. Young people who presumably had just completed the metamorphosis were found in February.
Individual evidence
- ↑ Wilfried Westheide, Reinhard Rieger: Special Zoology. Part 2: vertebrates or skulls. Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-3642554353 , p. 328.
- ^ Theodor CH Cole: Dictionary of animal names. Springer, 2015, ISBN 978-3662442418 , p. 517.
- ↑ Bo Beolens, Michael Watkins, Michael Grayson: The Eponym Dictionary of Amphibians. Pelagic Publishing, 2013, ISBN 978-1907807411
- ^ A b c d William E. Duellman, Linda Trueb: Marsupial Frogs: Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2015, ISBN 978-1421416755 , pp. 319-322.
- ↑ Darrel Frost and The American Museum of Natural History: Gastrotheca griswoldi Shreve, 1941. In: Amphibian Species of the World 6.0, an Online Reference. ( Online )
- ↑ a b c Gastrotheca griswoldi in the endangered Red List species the IUCN 2013. Posted by: Ariadne Angulo, Ulrich Sinsch, Edgar Lehr, César Aguilar Puntriano (Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team), 2012. Accessed November 2, 2013.
- ↑ Iris Hertwig and Ulrich Sinsch: Comparative Toe Pad Morphology in Marsupial Frogs (Genus Gastrotheca): Arboreal versus Ground-Dwelling Species. In: Copeia Vol. 1995, No. 1, Feb. 1995, pp. 38-47. ( Online )
Web links
- Gastrotheca griswoldi in the Red List of Endangered Species of the IUCN 2013. Listed by: Ariadne Angulo, Ulrich Sinsch, Edgar Lehr, César Aguilar Puntriano (Global Amphibian Assessment Coordinating Team), 2012. Accessed November 2, 2013.