Juggler flowers
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Yellow juggler flower ( Mimulus guttatus ) |
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| Mimulus | ||||||||||||
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The Mimulus ( Mimulus ) are a plant genus . The genus was traditionally / formerly part of the fig family (Scrophulariaceae). In the current system, which is based on gene sequence analysis, the genus is in the Phrymaceae family . The species belonging to the juggler flowers ( Mimulus ) are of various shapes .
description
Habit and leaves
Most of the Mimulus species are annual to perennial herbaceous plants . Only a few species are subshrubs that have a woody base. As a rule, these are land plants, but there are also aquatic plants, both those with submerged leaves and those with leaves raised above the water. There are erect growing species as well as prostrate and creeping ones. The stems are round to square and winged in cross-section. The plants can be hairy or hairless. The leaves are opposite . In most species, the leaves are broadly oval to rounded in shape with a blunt tip. The leaf margin can be whole or toothed.
Inflorescence, flowers and fruits
The flowers are solitary or in racemose inflorescences at the shoot ends or individually in the leaf axils.
The hermaphrodite, zygomorphic flowers are five-fold. The green calyx tube, which is always shorter than the corolla tube, ends at the front with five lobes. It is five-ribbed, the ribs often protruding, sometimes even slightly winged. The petals are fused into a corolla tube (it can be tubular to bell-shaped), which ends with two lips. The lower lip consists of three lobes, usually flat forwards or slightly downwards, which provide a good landing spot for pollinating insects. The upper lip consists of two mostly upright to back-curved lobes. In many species the lobes of the two lips are rounded, but there are also completely different shapes. However, the lower lip is always bulged upwards on the left and right at the entrance to the corolla tube, but in most species the throat is not closed by these bulges. The scar is bilobed and the two lobes collapse quickly when touched. There are yellow, red, pink, purple and blue flowers. The ovary usually consists of two fused carpels .
There are fruit capsules formed that contain tiny seeds.
Distribution and location requirements
The genus has two centers of diversity in western North America and Australia . Some species are also found in eastern North America, in South America, in East and South Asia or in South Africa . In Central Europe , two species are naturalized ( neophytes ).
Most species grow in humid locations, such as in forests, on the edges of forests and near rivers.
use
Many species and their hybrids are cultivated as ornamental plants. Some of them have run wild in different parts of the world.
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Types (selection)
The genus Mimulus consists of around 150 to 170 species. Here is a selection:
- Mimulus alatus Aiton : It is found in the central and eastern United States.
- Mimulus alatus × ringens
- Mimulus bodinieri Vaniot : It occurs in Yunnan at altitudes between 1900 and 2400 meters.
- Mimulus bracteosus Tsoong : It occurs in western Sichuan at altitudes between 1000 and 1500 meters.
- Scarlet juggler flower ( Mimulus cardinalis Douglas ex Bentham ), occurs in the USA and Mexico. It is also placed as Erythranthe cardinalis (Douglas ex Benth.) Spach in the genus Erythranthe .
- Copper-red juggler flower ( Mimulus cupreus Dombrain ): Origin: Chile. It is also placed as Erythranthe cuprea (Dombrain) GLNesom in the genus Erythranthe .
- Mimulus glabratus Kunth : It occurs in Mexico, Guatemala, Nicaragua and Colombia. It is also placed as Erythranthe glabrata (Kunth) GLNesom in the genus Erythranthe .
- Yellow juggler flower ( Mimulus guttatus Fisch. Ex DC. ), A yellow-flowering perennial herbaceous plant from North America that has meanwhile become naturalized in large parts of Europe. It is also placed as Erythranthe guttata (DC.) GLNesom in the genus Erythranthe .
- Mimulus langsdorffii Donn ex Sims (also as a synonym for Mimulus guttatus Fisch. Ex DC. )
- Sticky juggler flower ( Mimulus lewisii Pursh ), a species with reddish-purple flowers that is quite common in North America. It is also placed as Erythranthe lewisii (Pursh) GLNesom & Fraga in the genus Erythranthe .
- Mimulus luteus L. , homeland: Chile, is naturalized in Scotland. It is also placed as Erythranthe lutea (L.) GLNesom in the genus Erythranthe .
- Mimulus michiganensis (Pennell) Posto & Prather : It occurs in Michigan . It is also placed as Erythranthe michiganensis (Pennell) GLNesom in the genus Erythranthe .
- Musk juggler flower ( Mimulus moschatus Douglas ex Lindl. ), A smaller, creeping species from North America that is naturalized in Europe. It is also placed as Erythranthe moschata (Douglas ex Lindl.) GLNesom & Fraga in the genus Erythranthe .
- Mimulus orbicularis Wall. : It occurs in Thailand, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Myanmar.
- Mimulus pilosiusculus Kunth : It occurs in Bolivia, Peru, Argentina and Chile. It is also placed as Erythranthe pilosiuscula (Kunth) GL Nesom in the genus Erythranthe .
- Mimulus primuloides Benth. : It occurs in the western United States.
- Monkey flower ( Mimulus ringens L. ), native to Canada and the USA
- Mimulus × robertsii Silverside (= Mimulus guttatus × Mimulus nummularius ), a hybrid naturalizedin Great Britain
- Mimulus szechuanensis Pai : A perennial herbaceous species that is only native to China (in the provinces: Gansu, Hubei, Hunan, Shaanxi, Sichuan and Yunnan). It thrives in moist places in forests and along rivers at altitudes between 1300 and 2800 meters.
- Mimulus tenellus Bunge : It occurs in different varieties in India, Nepal, Sikkim, Vietnam, Japan and China.
- Mimulus tibeticus Tsoong & HP Yang : This species is only native to Tibet (in the southern area of the Chinese province of Xizang) and grows in shady locations at altitudes below 3700 meters.
- Mimulus tilingii rule (Syn .: Mimulus langsdorffii var. Tilingii (rule) Greene ): Home is North America. It is also placedin the genus Erythranthe as Erythranthe tilingii (rule) GL Nesom .
No longer counted in this genus:
- Mimulus aurantiacus Curtis , an evergreen subshrub from North America. He is called Diplacus aurantiacus (Curtis) Jeps. placed in the genus Diplacus .
- Mimulus nanus Hook. & Arn. : It occurs in the US in the states of Washington, Montana, Wyoming, Idaho, California and Nevada. It is also called Diplacus nanus (Hook. & Arn.) GL Nesom in the genus Diplacus .
- Mimulus pilosus (Benth.) S. Watson : Origin: western North America. It is also placed in its own genus: Mimetanthe pilosa (Benth.) Greene .
Sources and further information
- The genus in the Flora of China.
- Western Australia Flora - Mimulus
- Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica . Random House Australia 2003. German edition: Tandem Verlag GmbH 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5 .
- Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
- Werner Rothmaler : Excursion flora for the areas of the GDR and the FRG . Volume 2: Vascular Plants, 14th Edition. People and knowledge, Berlin 1988, ISBN 3-06-012539-2 .
- Franz Fukarek et al .: Urania Plant Kingdom. Volume 4: Flowering Plants 2. 1st edition. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-332-00497-2 .
- Walter Erhardt u. a .: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7 .
Individual evidence
- ^ The Phrymaceae family on the AP website.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Mimulus in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland.
- ↑ a b c gou suan jiang shu: Mimulus In: PDF file .
