Maximilian I's prayer book
The prayer book of Emperor Maximilian I is a prayer book in Latin that was printed in Augsburg in 1513 in an edition of ten copies.
It was intended either for the personal use of Emperor Maximilian I , for the Order of Saint George or as a present for the emperor's followers and is famous for its ornate typography .
One copy was decorated with marginal drawings by Albrecht Dürer and other leading artists of the period around 1514/1515. It is still unknown to this day who this copy was illustrated for. Research generally assumes that it was created for Emperor Maximilian I. The envelope cover of the part in Besançon shows, among other things, the title of Cardinal Albrecht von Brandenburg. It cannot be ruled out that the illustration was created for this most important German cleric of his time and not for the Kaiser. The later history has not yet been clearly researched. It is also not clear when and where the book was shared. The part with Dürer's and Cranach's drawings found its way to Munich between 1598 and 1600. Here it is mentioned for the first time in an inventory of the Kammergalerie from 1627/30. The part in Besançon has been there since the beginning of the 18th century.
Content and pressure
The prayer book contains a collection of various psalms , hymns , gospels and prayers in Latin; the emperor himself, it was assumed, was involved in its drafting. Maximilian wished the print should look like handwriting . The secretary Vinzenz Rockner designed a template for the type set based on templates from the imperial chancellery ; it is considered the preliminary stage of the fracture . The printed typeface was complemented by hand-made flourishes. The colored lines and the partially painted initial underlined the impression of handwriting.
The prayer book was published in 1513 by the imperial court printer Johann Schönsperger the Elder. Ä. printed on parchment in Augsburg ; ten copies were planned, eight have been preserved. A single copy was provided with marginal drawings by seven leading artists of the time, including Hans Burgkmair , Hans Baldung , Lucas Cranach the Elder. Ä. , Albrecht Altdorfer , Jörg Breu and Albrecht Dürer . The part of this book with the drawings by Dürer and Cranach is kept in Munich; the other part with the drawings by Baldung, Burgkmair and other artists is in Besançon .
reception
It is unclear whether the work was intended for the personal use of Emperor Maximilian, for the Order of St. George , which was founded in 1469 to ward off the Turks , or only for princes and followers of Maximilian. Maximilian promoted the art of printing in a special way, especially through the commissions for his honor gate . In addition to the prayer book, he also had the Weißkunig and Theuerdank , in which he was also involved as the author, lavishly printed. That is why the prayer book is now assigned to his person in literature. For Theuerdank printed in 1517 , the type set was again made according to Rockner's drafts; it was used as a printed script as the Theuerdank for a long time in the 16th century.
expenditure
- Karl Giehlow (Ed.): Emperor Maximilians I. Prayer Book. With drawings by Albrecht Dürer and other artists. Facsimile print by the Albert Berger Art Institute in Vienna. Self-published, Vienna / Bruckmann, Munich 1907.
- Hinrich Sieveking (ed.): The prayer book of Emperor Maximilian. The Munich part with the marginal drawings by A. Dürer and L. Cranach the Elder. Ä. Reconstructed reproduction. Prestel, Munich 1987, ISBN 3-7913-0823-8 .
literature
- Fritz Funke : Book customer. An overview of the history of books and writing (= textbooks for the next generation of academic libraries. Vol. 3, ZDB -ID 984963-4 ). 3rd, unchanged edition. Verlag Documentation, Munich-Pullach 1969, pp. 104-105.
- Jan Dirk Müller: Emperor Maximilian I. In: The German literature of the Middle Ages. Author Lexicon. Volume 6: Mar - Obe. 2nd, completely revised edition. de Gruyter, Berlin et al. 1987, ISBN 3-11-010754-6 , Sp. 204-236
- Stephan Füssel : Emperor Maximilian and the media of his time. The Theuerdank of 1517. A cultural and historical introduction. Taschen, Köln et al. 2003, ISBN 3-8228-2189-6 , pp. 51–55: to the prayer book .
- Michael Hofbauer: Cranach - The drawings , Berlin 2010, ISBN 978-3-86228-018-6 , No. 137–144 (individual review of the pages with Cranach drawings).
- Karl-Georg Pfändtner: Was the prayer book of Emperor Maximilian I in the possession of Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg? In: Kunstchronik February 2016 , pp. 87–90.
- Karl-Georg Pfändtner: Maximilian I's prayer book in the Bavarian State Library in Munich and the Bibliothèque Municipale in Besançon . Notes on its history, purpose and function . In: Austrian National Library Vienna (Ed.): Codices Manuscripti . Volume 2016, No. 106. Purkersdorf 2016, pp. 1–10.
Web links
Remarks
- ^ Fritz Funke: Buchkunde: An overview of the history of the book . Walter de Gruyter & Co KG, 2012, ISBN 978-3-11-094929-2 , p. 223 ( books.google.de ).
- ^ Karl-Georg Pfändtner: Was the prayer book of Emperor Maximilian in the possession of Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg? In: Art Chronicle . February, No. 2016 , p. 87-90 .
- ^ Karl-Georg Pfändtner: Maximilian I's prayer book in the Bavarian State Library in Munich and the Bibliothèque Municipale in Besancon. Notes on its history, purpose and function. In: Austrian National Library Vienna (Ed.): Codices Manuscripti . tape 2016 , no. 106 . Hollinek brothers, Purkersdorf 2016, p. 1-10 .
- ↑ cf. Funke (1969) p. 104
- ↑ cf. Sieveking (1987) S. X
- ↑ Bayerische Staatsbibliothek ( Memento from February 17, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Karl-Georg Pfändtner: Maximilian I's prayer book in the Bavarian State Library in Munich and the Bibliothèque Municipale in Besancon. Notes on its history, purpose and function. In: Austrian National Library Vienna (Ed.): Codices Manuscripti . tape 2016 , no. 106 . Hollinek Brothers Purkersdorf, Purkersdorf 2016, p. 4-5 .