Common trumpet carving

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Common trumpet carving
2013-11-08 Tubaria furfuracea (Pers.) Gillet 383308.jpg

Common trumpet carving ( Tubaria furfuracea )

Systematics
Class : Agaricomycetes
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Crack fungus relatives (Inocybaceae)
Genre : Trumpet carvings ( Tubaria )
Type : Common trumpet carving
Scientific name
Tubaria furfuracea
( Pers  .: Fr. ) Gillet

The Common Trompetenschnitzling including the Winter Trompetenschnitzlings ( tubaria furfuracea , Syn. : Tubaria hiemalis ) is a fungal art from the family of the crack fungus relatives (Inocybaceae). It is a relatively small and common mushroom with a flesh to rust-brown and hygrophanic cap. The lamellae and the spore powder are more or less rust to ocher brown. The fungus lives on dead wood and other plant remains.

features

Macroscopic features

The base of the stalk of the common tropical wood carving is often tomentose.

The 1–5 cm wide hat is moist reddish brown, flesh brown to cinnamon rust brown in color. In dry conditions it tends to blow out very strongly ( hygrophanity ). The mostly hemispherical hat has a small, suggested navel at the top. In old age it flattens out and the middle is sometimes depressed. The edge of the hat is only indistinctly grooved, the surface is slightly scabbed and felty, at least when it is young. Often the edge is still lined with whitish remains of velum like a stitching seam.

The lamellas are pale ocher when young, later colored rust-ocher and are moderately crowded. They have grown broadly on the stem or run down barely noticeably. The blade edge is flaky. The spore powder has a vivid ocher-brown color.

The 2–6 cm long, 2–5 mm thick and somewhat tough stalk has a flesh-brown color and is whitish, flaky or overfibreed. It is hollow and has neither a ring nor a ring zone. The stem base is often white felt. The meat is thin, pale brownish and almost odorless. It tastes mushroom-like to slightly radish-like.

Microscopic features

The elliptical, colorless spores of the common trumpet carving under the light microscope.

The spores are 6–8 µm long and 3.5–5.5 µm wide. They are elliptical, thin-walled and have no germ pore. The 6–10 µm wide cheilocystids are very diverse. They can be cylindrical with or without a belly, indicated bottle-shaped or narrow sack-shaped. Sometimes they are a little heady or more or less club-shaped. The cap skin contains loosely lying, branched and buckled hyphae .

Species delimitation

Some authors differentiate between the common trumpet carving and the winter trumpet carving. While the common trumpet carving is a distinct summer mushroom and grows from June to August, the very similar looking winter trumpet carving ( T. hiemalis ) can be found in the winter months , which most authors consider to be identical today. Its fruiting bodies can be found from late October to April, depending on the weather. The velum of this mushroom is ocher-brown and the cystids are larger and consistently hair-shaped and head-shaped.

The flaky trumpet carving ( T. conspersa ) that grows in summer is smaller. His hat is only about 2 cm wide. In addition, it differs through the completely flaky hat and the bulbous cystids.

ecology

The trumpet carving is found in almost all forms of the European beech and hornbeam oak forests. It grows in coniferous forests and woodlands and in alluvial forests and willow bushes. But you can also find it in tree nurseries, on roadsides and roadsides and in gardens or parks. It is also part of hedge and forest edge communities. The mushroom lives saprobion table on pieces of wood and bark, small twigs, wood chippings, bark mulch and sawdust, but also on remains of herbs and grass. Sometimes it can even be found on conifer cones, stumps and roots.

In its location, it is usually gregarious to furious. Sometimes some of the fruiting bodies are grown together in tufts. The fruiting bodies appear all year round, but the fungus prefers the winter months and is most common between November and May.

distribution

The common trumpet carving is a Holarctic species that is widespread throughout the northern hemisphere. It occurs in Asia (Asia Minor. Eastern Siberia), North America (USA, Canada, Greenland), on the Canary Islands and in North Africa. In Europe one finds in from south to southeast in Spain, on the Balearic Islands , Sardinia , Italy to Bulgaria. In Western Europe it occurs in France, the Benelux countries as far as Great Britain and there northwards to the Hebrides . It is widespread throughout Central Europe (Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Austria, Hungary, Germany, the Czech Republic and Poland). In Northeastern and Eastern Europe it is found in Belarus, Ukraine and Estonia and in Northern Europe in Fennoscandinavia and Iceland. The species is widespread in Germany and Austria and is common almost everywhere.

Systematics

Several authors separate the common trumpet carving ( T. furfuracea ) into two to three types, which differ on the basis of the shape of the cyst, the size of the spores and the time of their fructification . But since there are often collections in which the cystid shape lies between that of T. furfuracea (cylindrical-bulbous, sack-shaped and without head) and that of T. hiemalis (cylindrical-club-shaped, sack-shaped with head) and the spore sizes are similar overlap a wide area, the only option left is the arbitrary determination of a “summer” and a “winter type”. Allegedly the velum is supposed to be more pronounced in T. furfuracea , but this is not a consistent feature either. Therefore, most authors today consider the two taxa to be conspecific. T. romagnesiana Arnolds may also belong here.

meaning

The common trumpet carving is considered inedible.

literature

  • Regina Thebud-Lassak: Large mushrooms at the Düsseldorf-Hubbelrath golf course . In: Interim report on investigations . 2014.

Web links

Commons : Common Trumpet Carving ( Tubaria furfuracea )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
  • Tubaria hiemalis. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved December 2, 2011 (Italian, photos of the winter or common trumpet carving).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Synonyms of Tubaria furfuracea. In: Index Fungorum / speciesfungorum.org. Retrieved December 2, 2011 .
  2. ↑ a b c Ewald Gerhardt (Hrsg.): Pilze Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, deafblings, milklings and other groups with lamellas . Spectrum of nature FSVO. tape 1 . BLV Verlagsgesellschaft, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 233 .
  3. ↑ Hans E. Laux (Ed.): The Cosmos PilzAtlas . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-440-10622-5 , p. 154 .
  4. ↑ a b c d German Josef Krieglsteiner (Ed.), Andreas Gminder : Die Großpilze Baden-Württemberg . Volume 4: Mushrooms. Blattpilze II. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2003, ISBN 3-8001-3281-8 , pp. 424-425.
  5. ↑ Marcel Bon (ed.): Parey's book of mushrooms . Franckh-Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 2005, ISBN 3-440-09970-9 , pp. 246 .
  6. ↑ Tubaria furfuracea in the Fungus Distribution Atlas - Germany. In: Pilzkartierung 2000 Online / brd.pilzkartierung.de. Retrieved December 2, 2011 .
  7. ^ Database of mushrooms in Austria. In: austria.mykodata.net. Austrian Mycological Society, accessed December 2, 2011 .