Georg Dix

Georg Dix (born January 17, 1897 in Drebkau , † December 13, 1967 in Cottbus ) was a German KPD functionary and resistance fighter against National Socialism . Together with Bruno Dickhoff , Albert Förster and Josef Thomas he was a member of the resistance group around Willy Jannasch .

Life

Early years

Georg Dix was born in Drebkau. His father Wilhelm was a tailor's journeyman . Georg Dix learned to be a carpenter . In the First World War he fought in the Navy . After the end of the war he became a member of the Emden soldiers' council , of which he was a member until January 1919. In the same year he joined the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD). At the end of 1920 he moved with the left wing of the USPD to the Communist Party of Germany (KPD). Together with Michael Bey, among others, Dix was one of the founders of the Ströbitz local group and belonged to the KPD sub-district leadership in Cottbus. He was also a member of various local political parliaments such as the Ströbitzer municipal council and the district council of the Cottbus district . He was also active in the trade union movement. At first it was organized in the German Woodworkers' Association, later, due to his changed occupation, he switched to the Union of Railway Workers in Germany . In addition, between 1926 and 1930 he was a member of the works council of the Halle Railway District Office. After his dismissal in 1930, Dix was involved in the revolutionary trade union opposition until 1933 . From late 1930 to early 1933, Dix was active in the management of the RGO sub-district Lausitz. At the same time, from 1932 on, Dix was responsible for coordinating RGO policy in the KPD sub-district management in Cottbus, as conflicts between the KPD and the RGO are becoming more and more frequent, particularly in the party district of Berlin-Brandenburg-Lausitz-Grenzmark and its sub-districts in connection with the orientation of trade union work came.

Resistance to National Socialism

In January 1933, the National Socialists " seized power " . In elections on March 12, 1933, Georg Dix was elected to the district council of the Cottbus district. On March 22nd, he was arrested along with his party colleague Erwin Günther on the railway line to Halle / Saale and imprisoned in the Sonnenburg concentration camp . After his release he joined the resistance group around Willy Jannasch . He got in touch through Josef Thomas , who was also held in the Sonnenburg concentration camp for a certain time. To prevent their discovery, the resistance group formed sub-groups whose members did not all know each other. Dix formed one of these subgroups together with Josef Thomas and Max Bischoff. One of the main activities of the resistance group was the reorganization of Red Aid . On the other hand, it also distributed socialist and communist publications to the population and inmates of Reich labor camps . Among these publications were editions of the Rote Fahne , the Inprekorr , the Junge Garde and the Brown Book on the Reichstag fire and Hitler terror . These were organized through contacts to emigrants in Czechoslovakia and members of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia as well as another group from Forst / Lausitz .

In January 1936 Dix was arrested along with twelve other members of his resistance group. They were initially held in Cottbus until March and then transferred to Berlin. In May they received their indictment, accusing them of preparing "the highly treasonable undertaking of forcibly changing the constitution of the empire" .

The hearing took place on June 29th and 30th before the Berlin Superior Court . Dix was to two years prison sentenced. The other defendants were also sentenced to prison or prison terms of at least one year. With the exception of co-defendant Willi Graf, all of them had to begin their prison sentences. Instead, he was released after a few days. This raised suspicions that he had betrayed the group. After the end of the Second World War in 1945, Willi Graf was arrested by the SMAD and shortly afterwards committed suicide.

Georg Dix was brought to the Brandenburg-Görden prison together with six of his colleagues . In February 1944 was drafted into the penal battalion 999 (infantry regiment, construction battalion). In March 1945 he was taken prisoner by the Soviets , from which he was released in October of the same year.

Time after 1945

After the end of the war, Dix became politically active in Cottbus. He was initially a district councilor for the Cottbus-Land district . Later he was an employee of the Cottbus district management of the SED and took care of, among other things, the interests of industry. He was also secretary of the housing party organization in the Cottbus district of Ströbitz . Dix died on December 13, 1967 in Cottbus.

Honors

In 1969 a street in the Sandow district of Cottbus was named after Georg Dix. The street was renamed again in 1991 .

literature

• Ernst-Otto Roeber, Erna Roeber, Walter Hanig, Otto Last: Willy Jannasch and comrades. The KPD's anti-fascist resistance struggle in Cottbus from 1934 to 1936 . Committee of the Antifascist Resistance Fighters of the German Democratic Republic, District Committee Cottbus City and Country, Cottbus 1985.
• Siegfried Mielke , Stefan Heinz : Railway trade unionists in the Nazi state. Persecution - Resistance - Emigration (1933–1945) (= trade unionists under National Socialism. Persecution - Resistance - Emigration. Volume 7). Metropol, Berlin 2017, ISBN 978-3-86331-353-1 , pp. 434-435 (short biography).

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} See Roeber et al. 1985, p. 38 f.
2. ↑ ^{a b} Otto Rückert: On the history of the first Cottbus communist trial . Committee of the Antifascist Resistance Fighters of the German Democratic Republic, District Committee Cottbus City and Country, Cottbus, p. 14 f.
3. ↑ ^{a b c} See Roeber et al. 1985, p. 12 ff.
4. ↑ See Roeber et al. 1985, p. 20 ff.
5. ↑ See Roeber et al. 1985, p. 15 ff.
6. ↑ See Roeber et al. 1985, p. 18 f.
7. ↑ ^{a b c} See Roeber et al. 1985, p. 22 ff.
8. ↑ ^{a b} Georg Dix. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . January 17, 2007, accessed October 5, 2017 . 
9. ↑ In the resistance against the fascists. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . September 23, 2015, accessed October 5, 2017 . 
10. ↑ Albert Förster. In: Lausitzer Rundschau . January 9, 2008, accessed October 20, 2017 .