Georg Emmerich (Mayor)

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Georg Emmerich (* 1422 in Glatz , Kingdom of Bohemia ; † December 24, 1507 in Görlitz , also Georg Emerich ) was a wealthy merchant and several times mayor of Görlitz (1483, 1488, 1494, 1498, 1502). He was involved in the construction of the Holy Sepulcher in Görlitz .

Life

Georg Emmerich was the son of the wealthy businessman Urban Emmerich , who immigrated to Görlitz about ten years after Georg was born. Georg's older brother was also called Urban . This Urban married Anna Behr (daughter of a respected Behr unknown baptismal name and Barbara Behr ) in 1461 , after he forcibly abducted her from Hirschberg in 1459 . He was sitting by high debt 1468/69 to Decin in debtors' prison and died early in the year 1472. George lived in the house on Untermarkt 1 - today's Hotel Emmerich .

Georg caused family disputes through his love affair with the daughter Benigna Horschel of the neighboring Görlitz draper and high-ranking councilor Nikolaus Horschel . She became pregnant in 1464, but the Emmerich family refused to marry. Nikolaus Horschel was one of the participants in the Görlitz Powder Conspiracy , a conflict of 1466–1468 between the Görlitz City Council and the Bohemian King Georg von Podebrady , who was deposed by Pope Paul II at the end of December 1466 . "Nickel" Horschel stood on the side of Georg von Podiebrad, who was in dispute with the Hungarian King Matthias Corvinius over the Bohemian crown. Corvinius had been married to Podiebrad's daughter Katharina (* 1449) since 1461 , but she died in early 1464 after a stillbirth . Georg Emmerich was on the side of Matthias Corvinius, who ultimately prevailed because Georg von Podiebrad died in 1471.

The pilgrimage to Jerusalem in 1465 was not only an expression of deep religiosity , it also ended for Emmerich with the absolution of his sins: he was made a knight of the Knightly Order of the Holy Sepulcher . He came back to Görlitz at the age of forty, followed his father, Urban Emmerich, as Schöppe and mayor . In 1481 he was firmly and well respected in the saddle of urban politics when the construction of the Holy Sepulcher began.

Martin Luther (1483–1546) is said to have called him the "(uncrowned) King of Görlitz" .

After his trip to Jerusalem, Emmerich married the wealthy Barbara Knebel from Breslau . They had nine children together. After his wife's death, he married Klara Eschlauer, with whom he had three children. One of the sons became rector of the famous University of Bologna .

Services

A lawyer by training , Emmerich ran an extensive trade in cloth and grain, with carp from his own ponds, and also with metal (probably for the municipal mint ). He showed himself to be a mining entrepreneur in Bohemia and in local quarries and, having become rich through trade, acquired a number of villages in the area, for example formerly Thielitz , Lissa , Hennersdorf (all east of the Lausitzer Neisse ) and Nickrisch (today's Hagenwerder ), also other localities; probably around twenty villages or parts of the village with rich arable land and a large number of subservient farmers. There were also numerous houses within the walls of the city and some farms and meadows outside.

Emmerich in the mirror of the times

Emmerich's contemporaries knew him as a man who ruthlessly and unconcerned about the choice of means strived for possession and used advantages for himself wherever he found them. It was not just since the affair with Benigna Horschel that his toughness and intransigence created conflicts in the family as well as among employees and subordinates.

The chronicle calls him “ an almost long man with long hair that fell to his shoulders, but without a beard, a handsome man .” Together with his father, Urban Emmerich , he wrote a significant piece of Görlitz history in the second Half of the 15th century.

literature

  • Michael F. Feldkamp : From the Jerusalem pilgrim to the grave knight. History of the Order of Knights of the Holy Sepulcher (= Propylaea of ​​the Christian Occident, Volume 1), Heimbach / Eifel 2016, ISBN 978-3-86417-055-3 , pp. 90–93, 176.
  • Christian Speer: Pilgrimage as a cultural contact: Görlitz and the Via Regia , in: Hartmut Kühne u. a. (Ed.), Pilgrims from the East. Medieval pilgrim signs between the Baltic Sea, Danube and Seine. Contributions to the conference »Perspectives on European Research on Pilgrimage Signs« April 21-24, 2010 in Prague. (European Pilgrimage Studies 10), Frankfurt (Main) 2013, pp. 361–379.
  • Christian Speer: Piety and Politics. Urban elites in Görlitz between 1300 and 1550. (Hallische Contributions to the History of the Middle Ages and the Early Modern Age 8), Berlin 2011, pp. 83-106, 236–243.
  • Christian Speer: A Görlitzer makes a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. The pilgrimage of Georg Emerich in 1465. In: Winfried Müller and Swen Steinberg (Ed.): People on the move. Via regia and its actors. Volume of essays on the 3rd Saxon State Exhibition, Dresden 2011, pp. 196–203.
  • Christian Speer and Swen Steinberg: Georg Emmerich. Glatz 1422 - January 25, 1507 Görlitz. In: Roland Enke and Bettina Probst (eds.): Via regia - 800 years of movement and encounter. Catalog for the 3rd Saxon State Exhibition, Dresden 2011, p. 196.
  • Christian Speer: Georg Emmerich's testament. In: Roland Enke and Bettina Probst (eds.): Via regia - 800 years of movement and encounter. Catalog for the 3rd Saxon State Exhibition, Dresden 2011, p. 204.
  • Christian Speer: From Görlitz to Rome. Regesta on the history of the pilgrimage in Upper Lusatia. Addendum to NLM NF 10 (2007), pp. 93–132. In: New Lusatian Magazine . New series, Volume 13, 2010, pp. 137-142.
  • Christian Speer: »Vita mercatoris«. The autobiography of the long-distance trader Hans Frenzel (1463–1526) from Görlitz. Edition and commentary. In: Dietrich Scholze (Ed.): Places and stations of religious activity. Studies on the church history of the bilingual Upper Lusatia (Writings of the Sorbian Institute, Volume 48). Bautzen 2009, pp. 150–179.
  • Christian Speer: The Georg Emerichs (1422–1507) foundations as examples of late medieval piety and foundation culture in Görlitz. In: Yearbook for Silesian Church History. Volume 86, 2007, pp. 1-11.
  • Christian Speer: From Görlitz to Rome. Regesta on the history of the pilgrimage in Upper Lusatia. According to the Görlitz town books, council bills and wills (1368–1545). In: New Lusatian Magazine. New episode, Volume 10, 2007, pp. 105-144.
  • Horst Wenzel: Georg Emmerich and the holy grave in Görlitz. Association for the preservation of monuments for the holy grave in Görlitz eV, Görlitz 1994.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Christian Speer: Vita Mercatoris. In: Christian, Vita Mercatoris - Hans Frenzel.pdf. Retrieved June 25, 2020 .
  2. ↑ Erich Wentscher: The development of the reapers in Görlitz and Zittau in: Der Herold 10 .
  3. ↑ Görlitz Insider: Once upon a time Georg Emmerich (1422 - 1507)… - Görlitz Insider. Retrieved July 5, 2020 .
  4. ↑ Katharina Kuemmerle: Hotel as a happy ending. October 8, 2015, accessed July 5, 2020 .
  5. ↑ Georg Emmerich and the holy grave in Görlitz. Retrieved June 26, 2020 .
  6. ^ Görlitz - Stories from Saxony. Retrieved June 25, 2020 .
  7. ^ Wilfried Ehbrecht: The city as a communication space: Contributions to city history from the Middle Ages to the 20th century: Festschrift for Karl Czok on his 75th birthday. Retrieved June 25, 2020 .
  8. ^ City administration Löbau (Hrsg): Chronicle of the city of Löbau . BoD - Books on Demand, 2001, ISBN 978-3-8311-2245-5 ( google.de [accessed July 5, 2020]).
  9. ^ Holy grave in Görlitz. Retrieved July 4, 2020 .
  10. ↑ Katharina von Podiebrad - de.LinkFang.org. Retrieved July 5, 2020 .
  11. ^ Matthias I. Corvinus. Retrieved July 5, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Christian Speer: Piety and Politics. Urban elites in Görlitz between 1300 and 1550 (Halle contributions to the history of the Middle Ages and the early modern period 8), Berlin 2011, p. 86.
  13. ↑ Klaus Herbers, Dieter R. Bauer: The Jacobus cult in East Central Europe: Exchange - Influences - Effects . Gunter Narr Verlag, 2003, ISBN 978-3-8233-4012-6 ( google.de [accessed June 27, 2020]).
  14. ^ Görlitz - Stories from Saxony. Retrieved June 27, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Emmerich, Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Pilgrim, merchant, mayor (Görlitz)
DATE OF BIRTH 1422
PLACE OF BIRTH Glatz , Kingdom of Bohemia
DATE OF DEATH December 24, 1507
Place of death Goerlitz