Georg Hörmann (patrician)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Georg Hörmann by Christoph Amberger (1530)
Coat of arms of Georg Hörmann from and to Gutenberg by Hans Burgkmair the Elder. Ä. (1528)
Georg Hörmann by Christoph Amberger , possibly template for a medal
Georg Hörmann with his sons, Stadtmuseum Kaufbeuren, church window from the village church of Gutenberg. Georg Hörmann is shown on the far right.

Georg Hörmann (also: Jörg or Georgius Hermann ) von und zu Gutenberg (born February 26, 1491 in Kaufbeuren ; † December 11, 1552 in Kaufbeuren) was a German patrician and an important factor in the service of the Fuggers .

Live and act

Georg Hörmann was born in 1491 as the eldest son of the Kaufbeur patricians Hans Hörmann and Anna Klammer. The fact that he was given a large farm in nearby Untergermaringen from step-grandfather and mayor Georg Spleiß in 1501 probably shaped his whole subsequent life. After attending a Latin school and studying fine arts at the University of Tübingen, among others with Heinrich Bebel , training trips took him to France and Italy. On June 21, 1512 he married the patrician Barbara Reihing (1490–1556), whose family was represented in the Kaufherrenstubengesellschaft and in the small council of Augsburg. She was a cousin of Anton Fugger . This indirect relationship resulted in Hörmann being employed by the Fugger family of banking and merchants in 1519. From 1520 Hörmann worked as a factor for the Fuggers in Antwerp and from 1522 as their factor for the silver mines in Schwaz . In 1524 he rose to the main / large factor of the same and thus became a co-partner with a profit. In the search for a successor to the childless senior boss Jakob Fugger , Georg Hörmann was an important advocate for Anton Fugger, who took over management of the company in 1525. Later this Hörmann addressed in his letters as “Dear brother-in-law Jörg”. So it is not surprising that in 1529, during a plague-like epidemic in Augsburg, the Fuggerian management even moved for a short time to Hörmann's private house in Kaufbeuren, which was expanded to 80 rooms with Fugger support.

Due to the close financial ties between the Fuggers and Habsburgs, it was Hörmann's responsibility to maintain close contact from Schwaz with King Ferdinand I and the Tyrolean government in Innsbruck and to negotiate numerous loan agreements with them. When Ferdinand I put 1,000 guilders on Michael Gaismair , who had escaped from prison , it was also up to Hörmann in 1528 to pay this amount to Count Gerhard von Arco, who had been appointed trustee of the bounty .

Meanwhile wealthy and respected, he was accepted into the Augsburg gentlemen's parlor and merchants' guild in 1528 and raised to hereditary imperial nobility by Emperor Charles V , the latter also entitling him to freedom of movement and the choice of any local surname. The Hörmann family, for example, took over the addition of "von und zu Gutenberg" to their name after purchasing the Gutenberg noble seat near Kaufbeuren . In 1534 Hörmann was appointed royal councilor by King Ferdinand I and entrusted with tasks in Innsbruck, Linz and Vienna.

For the welfare of the poor he donated a permanent alms in Schwaz and in Kaufbeuren. The year of foundation of the perpetual alms-giving to four people in the Kaufbeurer Spital was 1534.

In Schwaz he also trained some of Raymund Fugger's sons, who were born in the 1520s .

As a personal confidante of Anton Fugger, Hörmann held a special position among all Fugger factors, so that during the Schmalkaldic War from January to April 1547, when Anton Fugger had relocated the company headquarters to Schwaz , he rose to his deputy. He was seen as sociable and balancing and served many dissatisfied factors as a mouthpiece for the company manager. Nevertheless, he was always loyal to him. When the embezzlement and black market deals of the Viennese factor Lorenz Fleischer became known, even his attempts at bribery could not dissuade Hörmann from sending an auditor to Vienna. Obviously he took his motto "I consume myself in service" very seriously, which he symbolized with a half-burned candle and whose Latin translation "fungendo consumor" he discussed in a letter to Erasmus of Rotterdam .

Hörmann promoted local artists by placing various orders. The Augsburg painter Christoph Amberger made his portrait in 1530, probably on the occasion of Hörmann's ennoblement. Hörmann designed the Habsburg- Panegyric program of a richly equipped board game, which he designed in 1537 based on designs by the artist Jörg Breu the Elder . Ä. (Augsburg) in the workshop of Hans Kels d. Ä. (Kaufbeuren) could be converted artistic and the Roman-German King Ferdinand I gave. There are also various medals by the artist Matthes Gebel (Nuremberg) and Hans Kels the Elder. J. (Augsburg) with the portraits of Georg Hörmann and his wife Barbara Reihing received a silver medal from 1538. He also had the art understanding, the means and the connections to probably buy several books from the holdings of the Bibliotheca, which was scattered in 1526 and 1541 Corviniana ( UNESCO - world Documentary heritage ) to save. This is evidenced in the volume of the Bayerische Staatsbibliothek with the signature BSB Clm 175 through the ex-libris entry and the personal dedication in the book mirror to the patron Johann Jakob Fugger from the year 1544. The World Digital Library confirms the volume with the signature BSB Clm 341 a corresponding assumption about Hörmann's role.

After Hörmann converted to Protestantism in 1542, he made it possible for the humanist Olympia Fulvia Morata, who was at risk of persecution in Italy because of her Protestant faith, to travel safely to Germany via Schwaz in 1550. From her letter of August 25, 1550 it emerges that the extremely noble gentleman (lat. "Nobilissimus vir") Georg Hörmann has been imposing hospitality on her family in Kaufbeuren since June 12 . Hörmann was also in contact with Philipp Melanchthon , Konrad Peutinger , Viglius Zuichemus , Hieronymus Wolf , Johannes Oekolampad , Mariangelo Accursio and Georg von Logau and Gabriel Hummelberger .

In his will of 1545 Hörmann decreed that the family's property should remain undivided in the possession of the male descendants. Despite Hörmann's retirement from the Fuggerian service in 1550, Anton Fugger appointed him as his executor in the same year, together with the Italian Fugger factor Christoph Muelich. Hörmann also continued to serve as royal councilor and was still able to manage Dr. Andreas Grundler, Morata's husband, offered a professorship in Linz on behalf of Ferdinand I.

Hörmann died in 1552 and found his final resting place in the crypt of the Hörmann chapel in Gutenberg . Hampe holds on to Hörmann's death:

“[T] he year of death of the zealous art lover and patron Jörg Hörmann (1552) [means] the end of the Renaissance, the end of the higher and finer art of the small Allgäu imperial city, as it flourished here for a few decades and in the Works by Hans Kels, Christoph Ler and Jörg Lederer had competed with Augsburg. "

- Theodor Hampe : The Kaufbeur patrician Jörg Hörmann and his relationships with art and artists.

progeny

The marriage with Barbara Reihing resulted in seven sons, four of whom were still alive at the time of his death, who had also entered the service of the Fuggers:

  • Johann Georg Hörmann from and to Gutenberg (1513–1562)
  • Christoph Hörmann from and to Gutenberg (1514–1586)
  • Ludwig Hörmann from and to Gutenberg (1515–1588)
  • Anton Hörmann from and to Gutenberg (1522–1594)

literature

Web links

Commons : Georg Hörmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Georg Hörmann. In: Catalog of the German National Library. German National Library, accessed on April 26, 2020 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Joachim Jahn: Hörmann, Georg, businessman . Ed .: Karl Bosl. Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 .
  3. ↑ a b c d Theodor Hampe: The Kaufbeurer patrician Jörg Hörmann and his relationships with art and artists . In: Festschrift for Gustav von Bezold. Messages from the Germanisches Nationalmuseum . Nuremberg 1919, p. 12, 76 u. 97 ( uni-heidelberg.de ).
  4. ^ A b Frank Leiprecht: Family table Georg HÖRMANN / Barbara REIHING. In: http://xn--sddeutsche-patrizier-pec.de/ . Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
  5. ↑ a b Luitpold Brunner: From the educational path of an Augsburg merchant's son from the end of the 16th century . In: Journal of the Historical Association for Swabia and Neuburg . tape 1 . JA Schlosser'sche Buchhandlung, Augsburg 1874, p. 140 f . ( google.de ).
  6. ↑ a b c d e Mark Häberlein: The Fugger: History of an Augsburger Family (1367-1650) . W. Kohlhammer Verlag, Stuttgart 2006, ISBN 978-3-17-018472-5 , pp. 98, 125-127 ( google.de ).
  7. ^ Franz Ludwig Baumann: History of the Allgäu: from the oldest times to the beginning of the nineteenth century . tape 1 . Kösel, Kempten 1894, p. 631, 637 f . ( digital-sammlungen.de ).
  8. ^ Frank Leiprecht: Relationship between Georg HÖRMANN and Anton Graf FUGGER. In: http://xn--sddeutsche-patrizier-pec.de/ . Retrieved May 27, 2020 .
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g Erich Scheible: H. Kaufbeuren-Augsburger Hörmann. In: The barons and counts of Wimpffen in relation to the eponymous place Wimpfen am Neckar in words and pictures. Retrieved April 26, 2020 .
  10. ↑ a b c d Günter Ogger: Buy yourself an emperor. The story of the Fugger . 17th edition. Knaur, Munich / Zurich 1978, ISBN 3-426-05607-0 , pp. 162, 177, 190, 194, 218 ( docplayer.org ).
  11. ^ A b Albert Ilg: The game board by Hans Kels . In: KK Oberstkämmer-Amt, Head Ferdinand Graf zu Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg (Hrsg.): Yearbook of the Art History Collections of the Very Highest Imperial House . tape 3 . Adolf Holzhausen, Vienna 1885, p. 75-77 .
  12. ↑ Johann David Koehler: Johann David Koehler ... Historischer Münz-Amustigung Seventeenth Part (etc.) . Ed .: Christoph Weigel's widow. tape 17 . Nuremberg 1745, p. 281–288 ( google.de ).
  13. ↑ Markus A. Denzel: Professionalization and social advancement among Upper German merchants and factors in the 16th century. In: Social ascent: functional elites in the late Middle Ages and in the early modern period. In: Günther Schulz (Hrsg.): German leadership layers in modern times . tape 25 . De Gruyter, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-486-56612-1 , p. 428 f . ( google.de ).
  14. ↑ Volker Ertel: Georg Hermann (1491-1552) von Kaufbeuren - in the service of Fugger and administrator of Tyrolean mines. In: https://www.coingallery.de/ . Accessed June 1, 2020 .
  15. ^ Adalbert Horawitz: Erasmiana IV. (From the Rehdiagerana zu Breslau. 1530-1536.) . In: Imperial Academy of Sciences (Hrsg.): Session reports of the philosophical-historical class of the Imperial Academy of Sciences . tape 108 . C. Gerold's Sohn, Vienna 1885, p. 834 f . ( archive.org ).
  16. ^ A b Mathias Wild (photographer), et. al .: Kaufbeuren - old town in a new light . Ed .: Kraus, Jürgen. Bauer-Verlag 2009, Thalhofen 2009, ISBN 978-3-934509-88-7 , p. 25 ( google.de ).
  17. ↑ State Gallery Stuttgart; Digital Collection: Christoph Amberger: Jörg Hermann (1530).
  18. ^ Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien: Board game for the "Long Puff" (1537)
  19. ^ National Museums in Berlin, Münzkabinett: Kels, Hans: Georg Hermann and Barbara Reihing
  20. ^ The Bibliotheca Corviniana Collection | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved May 10, 2020 .
  21. ^ Beda Venerabilis / Lucius Annaeus Seneca: De natura rerum liber. Naturales quaestiones libri VII. In: https://www.bsb-muenchen.de/ . Bayerische Staatsbiliothek Munich, accessed on May 10, 2020 (Latin).
  22. ↑ Thomas Seneca / Tribbrachus Mutinensis: Historiae Bononiensis libri IV. Carmina ad Galeatium Marescottum. In: https://www.bsb-muenchen.de/ . Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, accessed on May 10, 2020 (Latin).
  23. ^ The History of Bologna in Four Books. Poems to Galeatius Marescottus. In: https://www.wdl.org/en/ . World Digital Library - The Library of Congress, Washingon / USA, 1460, accessed on May 10, 2020 .
  24. ^ City home maintenance in the Sophie La Roche birthplace. In: https://www.literaturportal-bayern.de/ . www.bsb-muenchen.de, May 15, 2015, accessed on April 29, 2020 .
  25. ^ A b John L. Flood / David J. Shaw: Johannes Sinapius: (1505-1560); Hellenist and physician in Germany and Italy . 1st edition. Genève 1997, ISBN 2-600-00207-3 .
  26. ^ Theodor Hampe: The Kaufbeurer patrician Jörg Hörmann and his relationships with art and artists. Accessed July 31, 2020 .
personal data
SURNAME Hörmann, Georg
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Hermann, Georg; Hermann, Jörg; Hermann, Georgius; Hörmann from and to Gutenberg, Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German patrician and entrepreneur
DATE OF BIRTH February 26, 1491
PLACE OF BIRTH Kaufbeuren
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 1552
Place of death Kaufbeuren or Augsburg