Georg Heise (designer)

Johann Leonhard Adolf Georg Heise (born April 9, 1874 in Landshut , † March 30, 1945 in Kassel ) was a German engineer and locomotive designer at the company Henschel and Son in Kassel. Under his leadership and based on his designs, locomotives were built for the national and international railway administrations.

Life

origin

Johann Leonhard Adolf Georg Heise was born on April 9, 1874 in the city of Landshut. His parents were the cash register manufacturer, master locksmith and mechanic Adolph Heinrich Georg Heise (born March 9, 1838 in Freiheit / Harz; † March 27, 1891 in Landshut) and Marie Sophie Wiedemann (born July 2, 1844 in Wasserburg a. Inn; † 26 October 1910 in Regensburg). The factory in Landshut introduced very successfully patented unaufsperrbare and fireproof safes ago, which were integrated into various forms of furniture.

education

Heise attended the weekday school from 1880 to 1884 and the secondary school in Landshut from 1884 to 1891. After the death of his father in March 1891, he completed an apprenticeship as a volunteer in the "Cash Factory Georg Heise, Royal Bavarian Court Supplier, Landshut" from August 1, 1891 to March 15, 1892 with his successor. He then worked as an assistant to master locksmith Anton Gehrer in Landshut and from February 3, 1894 to September 30, 1894 worked in the technical office of the Landshut iron foundry and mill construction company Jos. Houses. Heise served as a private in the 1st Company of the Royal Bavarian Infantry Regiment from October 1, 1894 to October 1, 1895; As an intern he gained experience from October 15, 1895 to July 15, 1896 in the locomotive workshops "Costruzione Meccaniche - Saronno", at that time a branch of the Eßlingen machine factory near Milan. This was followed by studying mechanical engineering at the "Royal Technical University of Stuttgart" (Stuttgart University of Technology ) from autumn 1896 to Easter 1899.

Worked for the Henschel company

On September 15, 1899, Heise joined the office of chief engineer Kuhn as a designer at the Henschel company. This experienced specialist was a particularly good teacher for him. When Kuhn died in 1903, Heise had already proven himself to be a secure, self-employed worker so that he succeeded him - only 29 years old. He was appointed senior engineer and on August 25, 1904 finally took over the management of the "Technical Locomotive Bureau I". On February 2, 1921, he was granted power of attorney . On December 31, 1939, he resigned as director of the "Lokomotivbureau I" and took on an advisory role, which he carried out until his death on March 30, 1945.

Locomotives

When Heise started working at Henschel, the first superheater locomotives were developed with the close involvement of the inventors. The flame tube superheater of the 2'B HSL "Cassel 131" was followed by the two 2'B HTL of the Prussian Royal Railway Directorate (KED) Berlin with a smoke chamber superheater. They were soon replaced by the long boiler flue pipe superheaters. In 1904, the Prussian Minister of Public Works gave the Henschel company the task of designing two 2'B'2 three-cylinder compound machines based on Gustav Wittfeld's ideas, the Prussian S 9 Altona 561 and Altona 562 , for the express traffic between Berlin and Hamburg . One of the two won a silver medal at the World's Fair in St. Louis. This locomotive, including the tender, was completely sheathed to reduce air resistance, and the driver's cab was positioned in front of the smoke chamber . It reached a top speed of 154 km / h with 230 tons on the tender tow hook. The locomotives, which were still largely designed by Kuhn at Henschel, turned out to be a failure, in particular the three-cylinder compound drive propagated by Wittfeld did not deliver what was promised of it.

At the centenary of the Henschel company on August 15, 1910, after a ceremony, the Prussian G 10 electric superheated steam freight train locomotive (later class 57) of the Prussian State Railways, manufactured by Heise, left the factory as serial number 1000. This type of construction has proven to be very successful. About 3,400 of them were built, also for various foreign railway administrations.

The four-cylinder composite express train locomotives of the class S 10.1 of the Prussian state railways (later Reichsbahn class 17) created in 1911 and 1914 also proved their worth. They had good running properties and were economical in terms of steam and fuel consumption. During the First World War, the 1'E-Drilling freight train locomotive of class G 12 (later class 58) was created, which brought progress in increasing tractive power. The world's first high-pressure locomotive was pioneering work. It was created after the pioneering studies of Wilhelm Schmidt and is designed as a two-pressure locomotive with a high-pressure boiler (60 atmospheres) and a low-pressure boiler (14 atmospheres). On January 27, 1928, it was handed over to the Deutsche Reichsbahn. A second machine built according to the same principles as a 2'D'1 four-cylinder express train locomotive was delivered to the Paris-Lyon-Mediterranean Railway. In 1933 the 1'E medium pressure locomotive of the series 44 of the Deutsche Reichsbahn with an overpressure of 25 atmospheres was developed as a four-cylinder compound engine.

The class 45 1'E'1-Drilling express freight locomotive was also designed for the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1935 . It has a starting tractive effort of 28,450 kg, making it the most powerful of all Henschel locomotives delivered up to that point. At the end of his tenure, Heise devoted himself to streamlined locomotives for short steam express trains. For the Hamburg-Lübeck-Travemünde express service of the Lübeck-Büchener Railway , he created the 1'B'1 tender locomotives LBE No. 1 to 3 , which were soon nicknamed "Mickey Mice". For the short express train of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the Henschel-Wegmann-Zug, he developed a 2'C'2 twin and a 2'C'3 triple tank locomotive of the 61 series . This saloon train ran twice a day on the Berlin-Dresden route at a top speed of 160 km / h. Numerous locomotives were also built for foreign railway administrations, which were designed under Heise's direction and based on his designs. These included the 2'C four-cylinder express train engine and the 2'D'2 freight train tender locomotive of the NS series 6300 of the Dutch State Railways and also the 2'D passenger train locomotive of the Madrid-Saragossa-Alicante Railway, of which about 130 pieces were delivered. The Turkish State Railways received 2'D and 1'D1 'passenger train locomotives as well as 1'E freight train locomotives . For the 1'D'1 and 1'E locomotives, Heise carried out extensive standardization of the components.

Heise also published articles in the specialist press and significantly influenced the Henschel Lokomotiv paperback. Personal documents from Georg Heise's estate, unless they were burned in Kassel during World War II, are in the German Museum of Technology in Berlin.

literature

• Wolfgang Messerschmidt, Siegfried Kademann : Henschel locomotives from 1848 to today. Steiger, Moers 1985 ISBN 3-921564-84-0
• Alfred B. Gottwaldt : History of the German standard locomotives - The steam locomotives of the Reichsbahn and their designers. Franckh, Stuttgart 1978 ISBN 3-440-04609-5
• Karl-Ernst Maedel : S 10.1 - History of the last Prussian express train steam locomotives. Franckh, Stuttgart 1972 ISBN 3-440-03923-4
• Alfred B. Gottwaldt: The Lübeck-Büchener Railway - private railway as a pioneer of new transport technologies. Alba, Düsseldorf 1999 ISBN 3-87094-235-5
• Alfred B. Gottwaldt: The 61 series and the Henschel-Wegmannzug - the history of a saloon car train and its steam locomotives. Franckh, Stuttgart 1979 ISBN 3-440-04755-5
• Horst J. Obermayer, Manfred Weisbrod: Steam Locomotive Report No. 5 Locomotive Archive Series 60–79 Merker, Fürstenfeldbruck 1997 ISBN 3-89610-022-X
• The locomotive magazine for locomotive construction Gundlach, Bielefeld
  • 35th year 1938 number 6
  • 36th year 1939 number 7
  • 40th year 1943 number 6
• Miba The 59 model railroad. Year 2007 Prussia's best was built by a Bavarian