TCDD 56 001-166
| TCDD 56 001 DR series 58.28 BDŽ series 12 |
|
|---|---|
 56086 in the TCDD Steam Locomotive Museum in Ankara
|
|
| Numbering: |
TCDD 56001–079, 080–116, 117–166, T56201–202 DR 58 2801–2825 BDŽ 12.01–17 |
| Number: | 185 |
| Manufacturer: |
Henschel Krupp BMAG Maschinenfabrik Esslingen Škoda ČKD Beyer-Peacock , Vulcan Foundry Tülomsaş |
| Year of construction (s): | 1937-1941, 1948, 1949, 1961 |
| Retirement: | until 1988 |
| Axis formula : | 1'E |
| Type : | 1'E h2 |
| Genre : |
DR : G 56.18 BDŽ : П 1-5-0 18 |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 56001–116: 22,360 mm 56117–166, T56201–202: 22,850 mm |
| Fixed wheelbase: | 3800 mm |
| Coupled axle wheel base: | 7600 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 10,300 mm |
| Empty mass: | 56001-116: 95.9 t 56117-166, 201-202: 97.0 t |
| Service mass: | 56001–079: 105.1 t 56080–116: 108.6 t 56117–166, T56201–202: 106.5 t |
| Service mass with tender: | 56001–079: 168.6 t 56080–116: 170.4 t 56117–166, T56201–202: 166.5 t |
| Friction mass: | 56001-116: 91.1 t 56117-166, T56201-202: 92.5 t |
| Wheel set mass : | 56001–116: 18.2 t 56117–166, T56201–202: 18.5 t |
| Top speed: | 56001–079, 117–166, T56201–202: 70 km / h 56080–116: 75 km / h |
| Indexed performance : | 1900 PSi / 1387 kW |
| Starting tractive effort: | 23.1 t |
| Coupling wheel diameter: | 1450 mm |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1450 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 850 mm |
| Control type : | Heusinger control |
| Number of cylinders: | 2 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 650 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 660 mm |
| Cup length: | 6 m (pipes) |
| Boiler overpressure: | 16 bar |
| Grate area: | 4.0 m² |
| Radiant heating surface: | 15.9 m² |
| Superheater area : | 105.75 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 223.2 m² |
| Tender: | 2'2 'T 29 |
| Service weight of the tender: | 56001–079: 63.5 t 56080–116: 61.8 t 56117–166, T56201–202: 60.0 t |
| Water supply: | 29 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 56001–116: 8 t coal 56117–166, T56201–202: 11 t coal |
| Coupling type: | Screw coupling |
The 56001 series of Turkish State Railways (TCDD) is a steam locomotive also known as "decapod" designated Achsfolge 1'E. The series was developed based on the basic principles of the standard steam locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn von Henschel . From 1937 to 1961, a total of 168 locomotives of this series were built in several, only slightly modified deliveries by locomotive factories in Germany, Great Britain and Czechoslovakia, the last two of the TCDD repair shops in Turkey. They were the most frequently built steam locomotive series of the TCDD and provided a significant part of the traction services on the Turkish railway network until the 1980s. Another 17 locomotives of this type went to the Bulgarian state railway BDŽ during the Second World War .
history
In the mid- 1930s , TCDD initially ordered eleven 1'D1 ' and twenty 1'E steam locomotives from Henschel & Sohn in Kassel . The series 46051 and 56001 had identical boilers and cylinders for the purpose of standardization and were derived from the DR series 41 , which was then in production for the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) . Turkish locomotives developed based on the unit locomotive program the DR and received many standardized components. Significant design changes compared to the 41 series were above all the reduced axle load from 20 to 18 tonnes and smaller drive wheels , which were almost the same size as in the DR series 44 .
In 1937 the first locomotive with the number 56021 was delivered. While there were no reorders for the 46051 series after the first series, further deliveries followed for the 56001 series. By 1938, Henschel and Krupp had delivered 24 first series locomotives with the TCDD road numbers 56021 to 56044.
The locomotives with leading Krauss-Helmholtz steering frames proved their worth and were useful for every type of train . The TCDD used them for their best express trains and their heaviest freight trains until enough locomotives of the DE24000 series were available to replace them.
The first purchase of 24 units was soon followed by another order for 78 locomotives. The numbers 56001 to 56018 had previously been used once for older 1'E locomotives: 56 001-010 for the CFOA 101-110 and 56 011-018 for the SCP 81-88 . In 1940 these were redrawn as 56 901–910 and 56 911–918 and their numbers were reoccupied with the next copies of the 56001 series delivered by Esslingen from 1940 onwards. Of the 102 locomotives ordered from German factories, 96 were built, 79 of which went to TCDD. The remaining order for 6 locomotives was canceled. TCDD ordered additional locomotives of this type from British locomotive factories in April 1939 as part of a trade agreement with the United Kingdom . Due to the outbreak of World War II, Beyer-Peacock and Vulcan Foundry did not deliver 37 of the 48 originally ordered locomotives until 1948. They were given the numbers 56080-116. The only significant difference from the German deliveries was the Vulcan Foundry, partly in welding technology Tender .
A year later, the two Czechoslovak locomotive factories Škoda and ČKD each delivered 25 locomotives of this series. They are also largely identical, but were a little heavier. Their fully welded tenders corresponded to the construction of the tub tenders of the German war locomotives . These locomotives with the numbers 56117–166, built in 1949, served as a model in 1961 for the only steam locomotives built in Turkey, the two examples of the T56201–202 series. These two locomotives were built in the TCDD repair works in Eskişehir (the plant now operates as Tülomsaş ) and Sivas . The locomotive T56201 built in Eskişehir was named “Kara Kurt” (Black Wolf), the T56202 produced in Sivas was named “Boz Kurt” (Gray Wolf). In contrast to the normal numbering system of the TCDD, both locomotives received a T in front of their company number to show their origin.
Until the delivery of larger series of diesel locomotives, the locomotives of this series hauled trains of almost all types of train, and they also proved themselves in express train traffic on the mountainous route network of the TCDD. They were only not used on the routes east of Izmir with their relatively light superstructure and in the European part of Turkey. From the 1960s onwards, the diesel locomotives increasingly displaced the 56001 series to eastern parts of the country, where they were mainly used in Erzurum and Malatya . Until the mid-1980s, however, routes in western Anatolia such as from Bandırma to Balıkesir and from Afyonkarahisar to Konya were also part of their operational area. The last copies went out of service until around 1988.
DR class 58.28
Some locomotives from the 1940 deliveries were initially not delivered to Turkey after completion due to disputes over payment. A total of 25 locomotives were added to their fleet as class 58.28 by the Deutsche Reichsbahn (DR) at the end of 1940 . 58 2801–2810 were sold to the BDŽ in Bulgaria in 1941 (see below) and 58 2811–2825 came to the TCDD in 1942.
BDŽ series 12
In 1940, the Bulgarian State Railways (BDŽ) planned to purchase another seven BDŽ class 11 locomotives . Only Krupp responded to a corresponding tender and offered to deliver seven locomotives of the series developed for the TCDD at short notice. BDŽ, suffering from a lack of locomotives, therefore bought the locomotives on offer and classified them as 12.01-07 . In 1941 she took over another 10 locomotives from the series that had meanwhile been classified by the DR for the TCDD and classified them as 12.08-17 .
While the TCDD used the locomotives universally and the DR grouped them as freight locomotives, the BDŽ locomotives were classified as passenger locomotives .
Preserved locomotives
Various locomotives of the 56001 series have been preserved and are exhibited as monument locomotives in railway museums or in front of train stations. The locomotive 56045, built by Henschel with the serial number 24000, is in the Çamlık Railway Museum . Another locomotive, 56052, built by Krupp under the serial number 1966, is parked in Malatya and is one of the locomotives that are not being maintained and will be scrapped in the near future. Both locomotives were manufactured in 1940. The older locomotives, which are to be scrapped in the near future, also include the 56115 (also in Malatya), the 56080 (in Erzincan ) and various Czechoslovak locomotives.
Of the British and Czechoslovak machines, the 56116 and the 56130 are each in Çamlık. The 56086 manufactured by Vulcan Foundry in 1948 under the serial number 5689 is in the TCDD open-air steam locomotive museum in Ankara , the 56088 manufactured under the serial number 5691 is exhibited in the Science and Technology Museum of the ODTÜ (Technical University of the Middle East) and the 1949 56142 manufactured by Škoda under the serial number 1991 in Karaçayır Park in Bolu . The locomotives T56201 and T56202 made in Turkey are both preserved: T56201 as a memorial near Tülomsaş and T56202 near Tüdemsaş .
The locomotive 56009, built in Esslingen in 1940 with the serial number 4399, is operational and stationed in Konya. It was used in 2007 for a special train to Istanbul Sirkeci . In 2013 she received new pipes. The 56140, manufactured in 1949 by ČKD under the serial number 2523, is also operational and stationed in Sivas.
At least two class 12 locomotives were still available in Bulgaria until at least 2004: The 12.03 manufactured by Krupp in 1940 under the serial number 1970 in Kalojanovec and the 12.17 (ex DR 58 2810) manufactured in the same year by BMAG under the serial number 11251 earlier in Asenovo , later in Pleven .
Vehicle series
| series | TCDD numbers | number | Manufacturer | delivery |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 56021-56044 | 24 | Henschel , Krupp | 1937/38 |
| 2 | 56001-56020 | 20th | Esslingen , BMAG , Krupp | 1940 |
| 3 | 56045-56079 | 35 | Henschel , Krupp | 1940/41 |
| 4th | Delivered to BDŽ as 12.01–12.17 | 17th | Henschel , BMAG | 1940 |
| 5 | canceled | 6th | BMAG | - |
| 6th | 56080-56116 | 37 | Beyer-Peacock , Vulcan Foundry | 1948 |
| 7th | 56117-56141 | 25th | ČKD | 1949 |
| 8th | 56142-56166 | 25th | Škoda | 1949 |
| 9 | T56201-56202 | 2 | Tülomsaş , Sivas repair shop | 1961 |
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways. Slezak, Vienna 1990, ISBN 3-85416-150-6 , p. 66
- ↑ a b c d List of preserved Turkish steam locomotives. Retrieved October 11, 2015 .
- ↑ Trains of Turkey: Çamlık Outdoor Railway Museum , accessed November 1, 2015
- ^ Steam locomotives Bulgaria: standard gauge, available 2004. In: Lokstatistik Pospichal. Retrieved May 3, 2016 .
Web links
- TCDD 56001. Retrieved October 11, 2015 .
- TCDD 56080. Retrieved November 8, 2015 .
- TCDD 56117. Retrieved November 8, 2015 .
- TCDD 56201. Retrieved November 8, 2015 .
literature
- Benno Bickel, Karl-Wilhelm Koch, Florian Schmidt: Steam under the half moon. The last few years of steam operation in Turkey. Verlag Röhr, Krefeld 1987, ISBN 3-88490-183-4
- AE Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe . David & Charles, Newton Abbot 1972, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8
- Klaus Eckert and Torsten Berndt: 1000 Locomotives: History • Classics • Technology . Naumann & Göbel Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Cologne 2004, ISBN 3-625-10541-1 , p. 312 .