Georgi Nikolaevich Fljorow

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Georgy Flyorov , sometimes quoted Georgi Flerov, ( Russian Георгий Николаевич Флёров ; born February 17 . Jul / 2. March  1913 greg. In Rostov-on-Don ; †  9. November 1990 in Moscow ) was a Soviet physicist . His research areas were nuclear physics , transuranic elements and cosmic rays. It applies u. a. as the discoverer of new chemical elements in the periodic table .

Russian special stamp, issued on the occasion of the 100th birthday of GN Fljorow (2013)

Life

After graduating from school, Fljorow first worked in various professions and then went to Leningrad , where he studied from 1933 to 1938 at the engineering and physics faculty of the Polytechnic Institute. Just a few months after completing his studies, he received an offer to join Igor Kurchatov's working group at the Leningrad Physics-Technical Institute, which he willingly accepted.

Fljorow made his first discovery in 1939 together with his colleague Konstantin Petrschak when they documented the spontaneous fission of natural uranium- 238. In 1940 they repeated their experiment and succeeded in proving the suspected phenomenon, using one of the tunnels of the Moscow Metro in a spectacular way to avoid any interference with the measurement by cosmic rays .

After the breach of contract by the German Reich with the outbreak of the German-Soviet War during the Second World War , Georgi Fljorow was involved in the development of the Soviet atomic bomb from the end of 1941 . Since his achievements were classified as "top secret" and were not allowed to be published, he received his doctorate in 1943 without having obtained an "official" doctorate.

Fljorow was 1957 founder and from 1960 head of the laboratory for nuclear reactions at the United Institute for Nuclear Research in Dubna near Moscow. In 1963 he discovered proton radioactivity and in 1964 the artificial element rutherfordium . Fljorow and his colleagues in Dubna also synthesized the elements 102 ( Nobelium , 1957/68), 105 ( Dubnium , 1967, named after the research center he directed in Dubna) and 106 Seaborgium , with Juri Z. Oganesjan (1974).

In honor of Georgi Fljorov, the chemical element with the ordinal number 114 was officially named Flerovium ( island of stability ) on May 30, 2012 by the International Union for Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) founded in 1919 . The ausgelobte Flerov Prize of JINR is named after him.

He became a Hero of Socialist Labor (1949), received the Order of Lenin twice (1949, 1983), received the Order of the October Revolution in 1973 , the Red Banner of Labor three times (1959, 1963, 1975), twice the Stalin Prize (1946, 1949), In 1967 the Lenin Prize and in 1975 the State Prize of the USSR . In 1981 he was elected a member of the Leopoldina . In 1974 he received the Marian Smoluchowski Medal and in 1987 the Mendeleev Gold Medal of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

literature

  • Lexicon of eminent natural scientists. Volume 2, Elsevier, Spektrum, Akademischer Verlag, Munich 2007.

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ GN Flerov, KA Petrzhak, Journal of Physics (USSR) Vol. III, pp. 275–280 (1940)
  2. ↑ iupac.org: "Element 114 is Named Flerovium and element 116 is named Livermorium" (30 May 2012; accessed on 11 August 2014).
personal data
SURNAME Fljorow, Georgi Nikolajewitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Flerow, Georgi Nikolajewitsch; Флёров, Георгий Николаевич (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION soviet physicist
DATE OF BIRTH March 2, 1913
PLACE OF BIRTH Rostov on Don
DATE OF DEATH November 9, 1990
Place of death Moscow