Nobelium
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Name , symbol , atomic number | Nobelium, No, 102 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Element category | Actinoids | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group , period , block | Ac , 7 , f | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS number | 10028-14-5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atomic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atomic mass | 259 u | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [ Rn ] 5 f 14 7 s 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1. Ionization energy | 6th.62621 (5) eV ≈ 643 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. Ionization energy | 12.93 (4) eV ≈ 1 250 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. Ionization energy | 25th.8 (4) eV ≈ 2 490 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. Ionization energy | 41.5 (4) eV ≈ 4 000 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. Ionization energy | 60.0 (1.9) eV ≈ 5 790 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physically | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physical state | firmly | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Chemically | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oxidation states | +2, +3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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For other isotopes see list of isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Radioactive |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Nobelium is an exclusively artificially produced chemical element with the element symbol No and the atomic number 102. In the periodic table it is in the group of actinides ( 7th period , f-block ) and is also one of the transuranic elements . Nobelium is a radioactive metal, which, however, has not been presented as a metal due to the small quantities available. It was discovered in 1957 and named in honor of Alfred Nobel . The name was finally confirmed by the IUPAC in 1994 .
history
A discovery was first reported in 1957 by a research group from the USA, Great Britain and Sweden. In 1958 Albert Ghiorso , Torbjørn Sikkeland , John R. Walton and Glenn T. Seaborg said they discovered the 254 No in Berkeley . Furthermore, in the same year a Soviet group led by GN Flerov reported the discovery of ? No. In 1964, the production of 256 No was reported from Dubna . But it wasn't until 1968 that about 3000 atoms of 255 No were produced in Berkeley from 249 Cf and 12 C.
properties
In the periodic table , nobelium with atomic number 102 is in the series of actinides, its predecessor is mendelevium , the following element is lawrencium . Its analogue in the lanthanoid series is ytterbium .
Nobelium is a radioactive and very short-lived metal. In its compounds, the oxidation number +2 is more common than +3.
safety instructions
Classifications according to the CLP regulation are not available because they only include chemical hazard and play a completely subordinate role compared to the hazards based on radioactivity . The latter also only applies if the amount of substance involved is relevant.
literature
- Robert J. Silva: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium , in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger (Eds.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements , Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1 , pp. 1621-1651 ( doi: 10.1007 / 1-4020-3598-5_13 ).
Web links
- Entry to Nobelium. In: Römpp Online . Georg Thieme Verlag, accessed on January 3, 2015.
- Matti Nurmia: Nobelium , Chemical & Engineering News, 2003.
Individual evidence
- ↑ The values of the atomic and physical properties (infobox) are, unless otherwise stated, taken from: Robert J. Silva: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium , in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger ( Ed.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements , Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1 , pp. 1621-1651.
- ↑ a b c d e entry on nobelium in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. and NIST ASD Team (2019): NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1) . Ed .: NIST , Gaithersburg, MD. doi : 10.18434 / T4W30F ( https://physics.nist.gov/asd ). Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e entry on nobelium at WebElements, https://www.webelements.com , accessed on June 13, 2020.
- ↑ The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this element has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ^ Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994). (PDF; 172 kB).
- ^ PR Fields and AM Friedman ( Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois ); J. Milsted ( Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, England ); H. Atterling, W. Forsling, LW Holm, and B. Åström ( Nobel Institute of Physics, Stockholm, Sweden ): Production of the New Element 102 , in: Phys. Rev. , 1957 , 107 (5), pp. 1460-1462 ( doi: 10.1103 / PhysRev.107.1460 ).
- ^ A. Ghiorso, T. Sikkeland, JR Walton, GT Seaborg: Element No. 102 , in: Phys. Rev. Lett. , 1958 , 1 (1), pp. 18-21 ( doi: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.1.18 ; limited preview in the Google book search).
- ↑ GN Flerov: Synthesis and Investigation of Element 102 (review) , in: Atomic energy , 1968 , 24 (1), pp. 3-15 ( doi: 10.1007 / BF01133459 ).
- ↑ ED Donets, VA Shchegolets, VA Ermakov: Synthesis of the element 102 of mass number 256 , in: Atomic Energy , 1964 , 16 (3), pp 233-245 ( doi: 10.1007 / BF01122965 ).
- ^ Harry H. Binder: Lexicon of the chemical elements , S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3 .
- ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 102nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 , p. 1954.
- ^ J. Maly, T. Sikkeland, R. Silva, A. Ghiorso: Nobelium: tracer chemistry of the divalent and trivalent ions , in: Science , 1968 , 160 , No. 3832, pp. 1114–1115 ( doi: 10.1126 / science.160.3832.1114 ; PMID 17749450 ; PDF ).
- ↑ Atsushi Toyoshima, Yoshitaka Kasamatsu, Kazuaki Tsukada, Masato Asai, Yoshihiro Kitatsuji, Yasuo Ishii, Hayato Toume, Ichiro Nishinaka, Hiromitsu Haba, Kazuhiro Ooe, Wataru Sato, Atsushiushi Shinohara, Kazuhiko Element: Oxidationichiro , Nobationichiro 102 with Flow Electrolytic Column Chromatography on an Atom-at-a-Time Scale , in: Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2009 , 131 (26), pp. 9180-9181 ( doi: 10.1021 / ja9030038 ; PMID 19514720 ).