Nobelium

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properties
General
Name , symbol , atomic number Nobelium, No, 102
Element category Actinoids
Group , period , block Ac , 7 , f
CAS number 10028-14-5
Atomic
Atomic mass 259 u
Electron configuration [ Rn ] 5 f 14 7 s 2
1. Ionization energy 6th.62621 (5) eV ≈ 643 kJ / mol
2. Ionization energy 12.93 (4) eV ≈ 1 250 kJ / mol
3. Ionization energy 25th.8 (4) eV ≈ 2 490 kJ / mol
4. Ionization energy 41.5 (4) eV ≈ 4 000 kJ / mol
5. Ionization energy 60.0 (1.9) eV ≈ 5 790 kJ / mol
Physically
Physical state firmly
Chemically
Oxidation states +2, +3
Isotopes
isotope NH t 1/2 ZA ZE (M eV ) ZP
257 no {syn.} 25 s α 8,450 253 m
259 no {syn.} 58 min α 7,910 255 ft
ε 0.500 259 Md
SF
For other isotopes see list of isotopes
Hazard and safety information
Radioactive
Radioactive
GHS hazard labeling
no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used.
Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Nobelium is an exclusively artificially produced chemical element with the element symbol No and the atomic number 102. In the periodic table it is in the group of actinides ( 7th period , f-block ) and is also one of the transuranic elements . Nobelium is a radioactive metal, which, however, has not been presented as a metal due to the small quantities available. It was discovered in 1957 and named in honor of Alfred Nobel . The name was finally confirmed by the IUPAC in 1994 .

history

Alfred Nobel

A discovery was first reported in 1957 by a research group from the USA, Great Britain and Sweden. In 1958 Albert Ghiorso , Torbjørn Sikkeland , John R. Walton and Glenn T. Seaborg said they discovered the 254 No in Berkeley . Furthermore, in the same year a Soviet group led by GN Flerov reported the discovery of ? No. In 1964, the production of 256 No was reported from Dubna . But it wasn't until 1968 that about 3000 atoms of 255 No were produced in Berkeley from 249 Cf and 12 C.

properties

In the periodic table , nobelium with atomic number 102 is in the series of actinides, its predecessor is mendelevium , the following element is lawrencium . Its analogue in the lanthanoid series is ytterbium .

Nobelium is a radioactive and very short-lived metal. In its compounds, the oxidation number +2 is more common than +3.

safety instructions

Classifications according to the CLP regulation are not available because they only include chemical hazard and play a completely subordinate role compared to the hazards based on radioactivity . The latter also only applies if the amount of substance involved is relevant.

literature

Web links

Commons : Nobelium  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Nobelium  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The values ​​of the atomic and physical properties (infobox) are, unless otherwise stated, taken from: Robert J. Silva: Fermium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, and Lawrencium , in: Lester R. Morss, Norman M. Edelstein, Jean Fuger ( Ed.): The Chemistry of the Actinide and Transactinide Elements , Springer, Dordrecht 2006; ISBN 1-4020-3555-1 , pp. 1621-1651.
  2. ↑ a b c d e entry on nobelium in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. and NIST ASD Team (2019): NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1) . Ed .: NIST , Gaithersburg, MD. doi : 10.18434 / T4W30F ( https://physics.nist.gov/asd ). Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  3. ↑ a b c d e entry on nobelium at WebElements, https://www.webelements.com , accessed on June 13, 2020.
  4. ↑ The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this element has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  5. ^ Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994). (PDF; 172 kB).
  6. ^ PR Fields and AM Friedman ( Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois ); J. Milsted ( Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell, England ); H. Atterling, W. Forsling, LW Holm, and B. Åström ( Nobel Institute of Physics, Stockholm, Sweden ): Production of the New Element 102 , in: Phys. Rev. , 1957 , 107  (5), pp. 1460-1462 ( doi: 10.1103 / PhysRev.107.1460 ).
  7. ^ A. Ghiorso, T. Sikkeland, JR Walton, GT Seaborg: Element No. 102 , in: Phys. Rev. Lett. , 1958 , 1  (1), pp. 18-21 ( doi: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.1.18 ; limited preview in the Google book search).
  8. ↑ GN Flerov: Synthesis and Investigation of Element 102 (review) , in: Atomic energy , 1968 , 24  (1), pp. 3-15 ( doi: 10.1007 / BF01133459 ).
  9. ↑ ED Donets, VA Shchegolets, VA Ermakov: Synthesis of the element 102 of mass number 256 , in: Atomic Energy , 1964 , 16  (3), pp 233-245 ( doi: 10.1007 / BF01122965 ).
  10. ^ Harry H. Binder: Lexicon of the chemical elements , S. Hirzel Verlag, Stuttgart 1999, ISBN 3-7776-0736-3 .
  11. ^ AF Holleman , E. Wiberg , N. Wiberg : Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry . 102nd edition. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin 2007, ISBN 978-3-11-017770-1 , p. 1954.
  12. ^ J. Maly, T. Sikkeland, R. Silva, A. Ghiorso: Nobelium: tracer chemistry of the divalent and trivalent ions , in: Science , 1968 , 160 , No. 3832, pp. 1114–1115 ( doi: 10.1126 / science.160.3832.1114 ; PMID 17749450 ; PDF ).
  13. ↑ Atsushi Toyoshima, Yoshitaka Kasamatsu, Kazuaki Tsukada, Masato Asai, Yoshihiro Kitatsuji, Yasuo Ishii, Hayato Toume, Ichiro Nishinaka, Hiromitsu Haba, Kazuhiro Ooe, Wataru Sato, Atsushiushi Shinohara, Kazuhiko Element: Oxidationichiro , Nobationichiro 102 with Flow Electrolytic Column Chromatography on an Atom-at-a-Time Scale , in: Journal of the American Chemical Society , 2009 , 131  (26), pp. 9180-9181 ( doi: 10.1021 / ja9030038 ; PMID 19514720 ).