Hassium

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
properties
General
Name , symbol , atomic number Hassium, Hs, 108
Element category Transition metals
Group , period , block 8 , 7 , d
CAS number 54037-57-9
Atomic
Atomic mass 265, 269, 270 and the like
Electron configuration [ Rn ] 5 f 14 6 d 6 7 s 2 (?)
1. Ionization energy 7th.6 (5) eV ≈ 733 kJ / mol
2. Ionization energy 18th.2 (5) eV ≈ 1 760 kJ / mol
3. Ionization energy 29.3 (5) eV ≈ 2 830 kJ / mol
4. Ionization energy 37.7 (5) eV ≈ 3 640 kJ / mol
5. Ionization energy 51.2 (5) eV ≈ 4 940 kJ / mol
Physically
Isotopes
isotope NH t 1/2 ZA ZE (M eV ) ZP
268 Hs {syn.} 2 s α 264 Sg
269 Hs {syn.} 10 s α 265 Sg
270 ms {syn.} 20 s α 266 Sg
For other isotopes see list of isotopes
Hazard and safety information
Radioactive
Radioactive
GHS hazard labeling
no classification available
As far as possible and customary, SI units are used.
Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions .

Hassium (formerly: " Eka -Osmium") is an exclusively artificially produced chemical element with the element symbol Hs and the atomic number 108. It is one of the transactinoids ( 7th period , d-block) and thus to the 8th  IUPAC group in the periodic table the elements , the iron group .

history

Hassium was first produced on March 14, 1984 at the Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) in Darmstadt by fusing lead atoms with iron atoms . It was initially called Unniloctium (symbol Uno). The 1994 IUPAC recommendation (see element naming controversy ) for the name was Hahnium (after Otto Hahn ). Since 1997 it has had its current name, which is derived from the Latin name Hassia for the state of Hesse .

properties

Hassium, like most transactinoids, is very short-lived. 265 Hs has a half-life of 1.5 ms and 269 Hs 10 s. 277 Hs is the longest-lived isotope with a half-life of 16.5 minutes.

links

In 2001 an oxygen compound of the hassium could be generated at the GSI in Darmstadt . Due to the high volatility, this is most likely hassium tetroxide 269 HsO 4 , the analogue of the homologous osmium tetroxide . Despite the short half-life, the researchers were able to guide an average of two to three molecules per day to a thermochromatograph . Surprisingly, HsO 4 showed a higher deposition temperature on the detector surfaces and thus a lower volatility than OsO 4 .

safety instructions

There is no classification according to the CLP regulation or other regulations because only a few atoms of this element can be produced at the same time and thus far too few for a chemical or physical hazard.

Web links

Commons : Hassium  - collection of images, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: Hassium  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Entry on potassium in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. and NIST ASD Team (2019): NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1) . Ed .: NIST , Gaithersburg, MD. doi : 10.18434 / T4W30F ( https://physics.nist.gov/asd ). Retrieved June 13, 2020.
  2. ↑ a b c d e Entry on potassium at WebElements, https://www.webelements.com , accessed on June 13, 2020.
  3. ↑ The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this element has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
  4. ↑ G. Münzenberg, P. Armbruster, H. Folger, PF Heßberger, S. Hofmann, J. Keller, K. Poppensieker, W. Reisdorf, K.-H. Schmidt, H.-J. Schött, ME Leino, R. Hingmann: The identification of element 108. In: Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei . 317, No. 2, 1984, pp. 235-236, doi: 10.1007 / BF01421260 .
  5. ^ Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994). (PDF; 168 kB).
  6. ^ Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1997). (PDF; 163 kB).
  7. ↑ a b c Ch. E. Düllmann, W. Brüchle, R. Dressler, K. Eberhardt, B. Eichler, R. Eichler, HW Gäggeler, TN Ginter, F. Glaus, KE Gregorich, DC Hoffman, E. Jäger, DT Jost, UW Kirbach, DM Lee, H. Nitsche, JB Patin, V. Pershina, D. Piguet, Z. Qin, M. Skull, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, H.-J. Schött, S. Soverna, R. Sudowe, P. Thörle, SN Timokhin, N. Trautmann, A. Türler, A. Vahle, G. Wirth, AB Yakushev & PM Zielinski: Chemical Investigation of potassium (element 108). In: Nature . 418, 2002, pp. 859-862; doi: 10.1038 / nature00980 .
  8. ↑ J. Dvorak, W. Brüchle, M. Chelnokov, R. Dressler, Ch. E. Düllmann, K. Eberhardt, V. Gorshkov, E. Jäger, R. Krücken, A. Kuznetsov, Y. Nagame, F. Nebel , Z. Novackova, Z. Qin, M. Skull, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, A. Semchenkov, P. Thörle, A. Türler, M. Wegrzecki, B. Wierczinski, A. Yakushev, and A. Yeremin: Doubly Magic Nucleus 108 270 Hs 162 . In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, No. 24, 2006, p. 242501 (4 pages); doi: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.97.242501 .
  9. ↑ Mason Inman: A Nuclear Magic Trick . In: Physical Review Focus . tape 18 . American Physical Society, December 14, 2006 ( focus.aps.org [accessed December 21, 2006]).
  10. ↑ Matthias Skull and Andreas Türler: A place for heavyweights. In: Physics Journal . 8, No. 6, 2009, pp. 35-40 ( abstract ).