Hassium
properties | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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General | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Name , symbol , atomic number | Hassium, Hs, 108 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Element category | Transition metals | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Group , period , block | 8 , 7 , d | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS number | 54037-57-9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atomic | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Atomic mass | 265, 269, 270 and the like | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Electron configuration | [ Rn ] 5 f 14 6 d 6 7 s 2 (?) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
1. Ionization energy | 7th.6 (5) eV ≈ 733 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
2. Ionization energy | 18th.2 (5) eV ≈ 1 760 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
3. Ionization energy | 29.3 (5) eV ≈ 2 830 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
4. Ionization energy | 37.7 (5) eV ≈ 3 640 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
5. Ionization energy | 51.2 (5) eV ≈ 4 940 kJ / mol | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Physically | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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For other isotopes see list of isotopes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Hazard and safety information | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
![]() Radioactive |
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As far as possible and customary, SI units are used. Unless otherwise noted, the data given apply to standard conditions . |
Hassium (formerly: " Eka -Osmium") is an exclusively artificially produced chemical element with the element symbol Hs and the atomic number 108. It is one of the transactinoids ( 7th period , d-block) and thus to the 8th IUPAC group in the periodic table the elements , the iron group .
history
Hassium was first produced on March 14, 1984 at the Society for Heavy Ion Research (GSI) in Darmstadt by fusing lead atoms with iron atoms . It was initially called Unniloctium (symbol Uno). The 1994 IUPAC recommendation (see element naming controversy ) for the name was Hahnium (after Otto Hahn ). Since 1997 it has had its current name, which is derived from the Latin name Hassia for the state of Hesse .
properties
Hassium, like most transactinoids, is very short-lived. 265 Hs has a half-life of 1.5 ms and 269 Hs 10 s. 277 Hs is the longest-lived isotope with a half-life of 16.5 minutes.
links
In 2001 an oxygen compound of the hassium could be generated at the GSI in Darmstadt . Due to the high volatility, this is most likely hassium tetroxide 269 HsO 4 , the analogue of the homologous osmium tetroxide . Despite the short half-life, the researchers were able to guide an average of two to three molecules per day to a thermochromatograph . Surprisingly, HsO 4 showed a higher deposition temperature on the detector surfaces and thus a lower volatility than OsO 4 .
safety instructions
There is no classification according to the CLP regulation or other regulations because only a few atoms of this element can be produced at the same time and thus far too few for a chemical or physical hazard.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e Entry on potassium in Kramida, A., Ralchenko, Yu., Reader, J. and NIST ASD Team (2019): NIST Atomic Spectra Database (ver. 5.7.1) . Ed .: NIST , Gaithersburg, MD. doi : 10.18434 / T4W30F ( https://physics.nist.gov/asd ). Retrieved June 13, 2020.
- ↑ a b c d e Entry on potassium at WebElements, https://www.webelements.com , accessed on June 13, 2020.
- ↑ The hazards emanating from radioactivity do not belong to the properties to be classified according to the GHS labeling. With regard to other hazards, this element has either not yet been classified or a reliable and citable source has not yet been found.
- ↑ G. Münzenberg, P. Armbruster, H. Folger, PF Heßberger, S. Hofmann, J. Keller, K. Poppensieker, W. Reisdorf, K.-H. Schmidt, H.-J. Schött, ME Leino, R. Hingmann: The identification of element 108. In: Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei . 317, No. 2, 1984, pp. 235-236, doi: 10.1007 / BF01421260 .
- ^ Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1994). (PDF; 168 kB).
- ^ Names and Symbols of Transfermium Elements (IUPAC Recommendations 1997). (PDF; 163 kB).
- ↑ a b c Ch. E. Düllmann, W. Brüchle, R. Dressler, K. Eberhardt, B. Eichler, R. Eichler, HW Gäggeler, TN Ginter, F. Glaus, KE Gregorich, DC Hoffman, E. Jäger, DT Jost, UW Kirbach, DM Lee, H. Nitsche, JB Patin, V. Pershina, D. Piguet, Z. Qin, M. Skull, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, H.-J. Schött, S. Soverna, R. Sudowe, P. Thörle, SN Timokhin, N. Trautmann, A. Türler, A. Vahle, G. Wirth, AB Yakushev & PM Zielinski: Chemical Investigation of potassium (element 108). In: Nature . 418, 2002, pp. 859-862; doi: 10.1038 / nature00980 .
- ↑ J. Dvorak, W. Brüchle, M. Chelnokov, R. Dressler, Ch. E. Düllmann, K. Eberhardt, V. Gorshkov, E. Jäger, R. Krücken, A. Kuznetsov, Y. Nagame, F. Nebel , Z. Novackova, Z. Qin, M. Skull, B. Schausten, E. Schimpf, A. Semchenkov, P. Thörle, A. Türler, M. Wegrzecki, B. Wierczinski, A. Yakushev, and A. Yeremin: Doubly Magic Nucleus 108 270 Hs 162 . In: Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, No. 24, 2006, p. 242501 (4 pages); doi: 10.1103 / PhysRevLett.97.242501 .
- ↑ Mason Inman: A Nuclear Magic Trick . In: Physical Review Focus . tape 18 . American Physical Society, December 14, 2006 ( focus.aps.org [accessed December 21, 2006]).
- ↑ Matthias Skull and Andreas Türler: A place for heavyweights. In: Physics Journal . 8, No. 6, 2009, pp. 35-40 ( abstract ).