Georgi Stepanowitsch Khrustalev-Nossar

Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar

Georgi Stepanovich Chrustaljow-Nossar ( Russian Георгий Степанович Хрусталёв-Носарь * 1877 in Pereiaslav , † May 1919 ibid), pseudonyms: Pyotr Alexeyevich Chrustaljow (Пётр Алексеевич Хрусталёв) and Yuri Perejaslawski (Юрий Переяславский), was a Russian revolutionary and politician.

Life

Georgi, the son of Stepan Kornejewitsch Nossar, a farmer exiled to the Poltava governorate , attended the Perejaslawer and then a high school in Kiev . After that, he studied at the Law Faculty of Petersburg University . Georgi was banned for his activities in the student movement, but was allowed to take his exams as an external student. After graduation - with a diploma in his pocket - he became a legal assistant in Kharkov .

Georgi became a member of Peter Struve's Liberation Union . This association wanted to replace the Russian monarchy with a constitutional monarchy .

Vsevolod Eichenbaum remembers: Georgi Khrustalev-Nossar had won the workers' trust after personally dealing with their existential needs immediately after St. Petersburg's Bloody Sunday . After the lawyer was locked in the Peter and Paul Fortress on July 3, 1905 , he was released on September 2 and unanimously elected first chairman of the Soviet of Petersburg Workers' Deputies on October 14 . The choice was so unequivocal, also because Georgi Khrustalev-Nossar was to a certain extent above the parties at the time. Later, however, he joined the Mensheviks in the RSDLP .

Presidents of a soviet, especially the first, did not usually live long in freedom in the tsar's Petersburg . Trotsky took his place after Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar was arrested.

Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar was arrested on November 26, 1905. On September 19, 1906, he was charged. He could not believe the court to have advocated the most urgent everyday concerns of the workers solely on the basis of Witte's October Manifesto . He was convicted and exiled to Siberia , but was able to flee abroad in March 1907. His views on the future path of the workers' movement, articulated at the 5th Congress of the RSDLP in London , were rejected by the Bolsheviks , mainly Lenin , and did not find a majority in front of the other delegates.

Georgi Khrustalev-Nossar resigned from the RSDLP in 1910 and dealt with syndicalism in Paris - according to his intuition, a particularly practical methodology for the current concerns of the workers. Then, also in Paris, he became enthusiastic about Berdjajew's philosophy of God-humanity and wanted to gain access to the religiosity of the Russian people as a God-seeker (Russian Богоискатель) by studying the teachings of Bulgakow , Mereschkowski and Rosanow . In 1911 Georgi Khrustalev-Nossar made a name for himself as an editor in a Paris emigrant newspaper. The detour into journalism turned into a financial disaster. A French court convicted him of embezzlement. After serving his sentence, Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar was cured of the world and people. So he returned to his Russia in 1914. There they remembered his escape from exile and sentenced him in 1915 to three years in katorga . The February Revolution of 1917 brought him freedom. When he returned to Petrograd, he realized that all the posts in his old Petersburg Soviet from 1905 had been filled. He was no longer needed. Out of necessity, he went back to his Ukrainian homeland in Pereyaslav, where he founded the tiny Republic of Pereyaslav with the support of Pavlo Skoropadskyj and Symon Petljura . The Bolsheviks, or, more precisely, their Revolutionary Committee, shot Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar in May 1919 for anti- Soviet activity. Some in the ranks of the White Movement suspected that Trotsky was not uninvolved in this Red Terror .

literature

Leon Trotsky : My life . Attempt an autobiography. Translated from the Russian by Alexandra Ramm . 543 pages. Dietz Verlag, Berlin 1990 (Licensor: S. Fischer, Frankfurt am Main). ISBN 3-320-01574-5 .

Web links

Commons : Georgi Khrustalev-Nossar - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Entry in the history portal hrono.ru (Russian)

Individual evidence

↑ eng. Union of Liberation
↑ eng. Saint Petersburg Soviet
↑ eng. 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party
↑ eng: Revolutionary committee (Soviet Union)
↑ В. В. Шульгин (eng. Vasily Shulgin ): "Что нам в них не нравится." Об антисемитизме в России. Russia Minor, Paris 1929. 330 pages (WW Schulgin, for example: What we don't like about them. About anti-Semitism in Russia. )

annotation

↑ Trotsky, who in his autobiography sometimes tends to be poorly disguised self-praise, allows authorities - first Swertschkow (Russian Сверчков ) and then others - to have their say a quarter of a century after the startling events of 1905 : “› The ideological leader of the Soviet was LD Trotsky. The chairman of the Soviet, Khrustalev-Nossar, was more of a backdrop, since he himself was unable to answer a single question of principle. A man of morbid ambition, he rose up in hatred of LD Trotsky precisely because he was compelled to turn to him for advice and instructions. ' Lunacharsky recalls in his memoirs:' I remember someone saying in Lenin's presence : 'The star of Khrustalev is beginning to go under, now the mighty man in the Soviet is Trotsky.' Lenin's face darkened for a moment, and then he said: 'Well, Trotsky fought for it in untiring and excellent work.' "(Trotsky , P. 167, 6. Zvo, see also 1905 at MIA )
Trotsky himself disparages Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar: “Before my arrival from Finland, the young advocate Khrustalyov was elected as the first chairman of the Soviet , a figure who happened to be in the revolution, an intermediate stage from Gapon to social democracy . Khrustalyov presided, but he did not have the political leadership. ”(Trotsky, p. 166, 1. Zvu) Overall, Trotsky does not seem to succeed in the attempt to devalue a historical person like Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar. If he puts Gapon, Georgi Khrustalev-Nossar and Kerensky - as pioneers of the Russian revolution, so to speak - in one row when he mocks: "Kerensky derived his line of succession from Gapon and Khrustalev." (Trotsky, p. 263, 2nd Zvo, see also In Petrograd at MIA)

personal data
SURNAME	Khrustalev-Nossar, Georgi Stepanowitsch
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Хрусталёв-Носарь, Георгий Степанович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION	Russian revolutionary and politician
DATE OF BIRTH	1877
PLACE OF BIRTH	Pereyaslav
DATE OF DEATH	May 1919
Place of death	Pereyaslav

[1] . Union of Liberation

[2] . Saint Petersburg Soviet

[4] . 5th Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party

[5] : Revolutionary committee (Soviet Union)

[6] В. В. Шульгин (eng. Vasily Shulgin ): "Что нам в них не нравится." Об антисемитизме в России. Russia Minor, Paris 1929. 330 pages (WW Schulgin, for example: What we don't like about them. About anti-Semitism in Russia. )

[A1-3] Trotsky, who in his autobiography sometimes tends to be poorly disguised self-praise, allows authorities - first Swertschkow (Russian Сверчков ) and then others - to have their say a quarter of a century after the startling events of 1905 : “› The ideological leader of the Soviet was LD Trotsky. The chairman of the Soviet, Khrustalev-Nossar, was more of a backdrop, since he himself was unable to answer a single question of principle. A man of morbid ambition, he rose up in hatred of LD Trotsky precisely because he was compelled to turn to him for advice and instructions. ' Lunacharsky recalls in his memoirs:' I remember someone saying in Lenin's presence : 'The star of Khrustalev is beginning to go under, now the mighty man in the Soviet is Trotsky.' Lenin's face darkened for a moment, and then he said: 'Well, Trotsky fought for it in untiring and excellent work.' "(Trotsky , P. 167, 6. Zvo, see also 1905 at MIA )
Trotsky himself disparages Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar: “Before my arrival from Finland, the young advocate Khrustalyov was elected as the first chairman of the Soviet , a figure who happened to be in the revolution, an intermediate stage from Gapon to social democracy . Khrustalyov presided, but he did not have the political leadership. ”(Trotsky, p. 166, 1. Zvu) Overall, Trotsky does not seem to succeed in the attempt to devalue a historical person like Georgi Khrustalyov-Nossar. If he puts Gapon, Georgi Khrustalev-Nossar and Kerensky - as pioneers of the Russian revolution, so to speak - in one row when he mocks: "Kerensky derived his line of succession from Gapon and Khrustalev." (Trotsky, p. 263, 2nd Zvo, see also In Petrograd at MIA)