Wassili Wassiljewitsch Rosanow

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Wassili Wassiljewitsch Rosanow

Vasily Rozanov ( Russian Василий Васильевич Розанов ; scientifically Vasilij Rozanov Vasil'evič ; emphasis: Vasily Rozanov ; * April 20 . Jul / 2. May  1856 . Greg in Vetluga ; † 5 February 1919 in Sergiev Posad ) was a Russian Religious philosopher and publicist .

Life

Rosanov was born into poor conditions and grew up in the provinces. His father died when he was five years old. Rosanow attended high school in Kostroma and Simbirsk . At the age of 14, his mother, who had treated him very carelessly, also died. While studying philology at Lomonossow University in Moscow, the content of which he experienced as random and boring, he fell in love with Polina Suslowa (1839–1918), who was almost twenty years his senior . For Rosanov, the former lover of Dostoyevsky embodied the typical Russian folk character due to her energetic and passionate temperament. He married her while she was still a student.

After five turbulent years of marriage, his wife left him. After graduation, Rosanov taught at a high school in southern Russia. He took no pleasure in this activity. Instead, he put all of his energy into writing his first philosophical work “On Understanding”. With an edition of 600 copies, Rosanow published this document at his own expense, for which he had to raise a full annual salary as a high school teacher. The lack of reaction to his book disappointed Rosanov and showed him that you can not live on philosophy in Russia. Therefore, he decided to pursue a career as a publicist. His first magazine articles appeared in the conservative “Russischen Bote”, from 1899 to 1917 also in “Die neue Zeit”, and in art magazines “Die Welt der Kunst”, “Das goldene Vlies” and “Die Waage”. His life also changed privately. In 1891 he married a second time, Varvara Dmitriewna Butjagina (1864–1923), a very simple, deeply religious woman. However, a church wedding could not take place because his first wife did not consent to a divorce. Presumably the fact that Rosanov's second marriage did not receive a church blessing exacerbated the young publicist's criticism of the church's strict stance in marriage law, which is expressed in literary terms in the work "The Dark Face - Metaphysics of Christianity" (1911).

Rosanov published works on problems of marriage and family life. The relationship with his second wife, who had five children, was happier. In 1893 Rosanov moved to Saint Petersburg . There he organized so-called “ jours fixes ”, evening meetings on Sundays, for which he mainly invited the Petersburg intelligentsia for discussions. Rosanov gained popularity not only because of these regular meetings, but also because of his numerous publications.

For Rosanow, the linguistic and artistic representation was even more important than the actual content of his works. By his own admission, he was less afraid of making a mistake in thinking than of being a bad artist of his own thoughts.

In 1894 he wrote a study on Dostoevsky entitled "Dostoevsky and his legend of the Grand Inquisitor ". This first significant account of the famous Russian author was, however, partially sharply rejected by Rosanov's critics. On the other hand, Rosanow had great success with the collection of his aphorisms published in 1912 under the title “Solitaria”. He continued this project from 1913 to 1915 in the work “Falling Leaves”. In these writings, Rosanow's late-developed fragmentary writing style is shown, which brings out his expressive formulations particularly skillfully.

On January 26, 1914, Rosanow officially resigned from the Religious-Philosophical Society. Earlier, Dmitri Sergejewitsch Mereschkowski and Filossofow had demanded his exclusion because of Rosanov's statements in his publications on the Beilis affair , but this was not supported by the other members. Beilis was a Jewish worker accused in Kiev of alleged murdering a Christian boy. In one of his articles, Rosanov admitted the possibility of ritual murder and described the killed boy as a Christian martyr . Leaving this community ensured that most of the friends and acquaintances with the exception of Pawel Florensky broke off contact with Rosanow. His financial situation also deteriorated as his articles were no longer printed. As a defiant reaction, Rosanov wrote the four anti-Semitic pamphlets “The olfactory and tactile relationship of the Jews to blood”, “In the neighborhood of Sodom (The origins of Israel)”, “'Jehovah's Angel' among the Jews (The origins of Israel)” and “ Europe and the Jews ”. As early as 1917, however, Rosanow ordered the destruction of the unsold copies of these four fonts.

As a staunch monarchist and opponent of the October Revolution , he and his family fled to a village near the Trinity Sergius Monastery . There he belonged to the religious movement of the "God seekers" and wrote the work "Apocalypse of our time" in which he presented his critical position on the takeover of power by the Bolsheviks. Vasily Rosanov died in this place on February 5, 1919.

In 1925 his book “The Apocalypse of Our Time”, which Rosanow had written in 1918, was published posthumously . In it he wrote:

“With rattles, creaking and screeching, an iron curtain descends on Russian history [...]. The performance comes to an end. "

- Wassilij Rosanow : The apocalypse of our time

With the term " Iron Curtain " Rosanow referred to the isolation of Soviet Russia from the rest of Europe by the Bolsheviks . After 1945, during the Cold War , the term took on a new meaning.

Attitude to religion

Rosanov radically changed his ideological points of view in the course of his life. This is also reflected in the change in his confessional preferences. While in 1899 he assessed Christianity as a life-affirming and joyful religion , the unworldly side of orthodoxy was added later: “Only the East was given the opportunity to receive the face of Christ. And the East saw that this face was of infinite beauty and of infinite sadness. "

In the meantime he even considered Judaism to be more vital than Christianity: “In gender lies the strength, gender is the strength. The Jews are united with this power while the Christians are separated from it. This is the reason why the Jews defeat the Christians. "

Two years before his death he devoted himself to the Egyptian religion in the book project “Eastern Motifs” , whereby the Egyptians were the actual founders of religious awareness for him: “The Greeks and Romans never attracted me, the Jews only temporarily - and, as I later realized, they only attracted me by the reflection that fell on them from Egypt . The root of it all is in Egypt. The foundation for religion was laid in Egypt. "

In his work "Falling Leaves" it becomes clear that Rosanov remained a believer despite his criticism of religion. In it he describes the intensity and breadth with which he dealt with various topics and thus also with religion: “I touched on many topics on the fly, but didn't stop at any of them. The flight itself - this is my life. The topics are 'like in a dream'. One, another ... many ... and all forgotten. I forgot them all up to the grave. In the afterlife I will be without issues. God will ask me: - Well what did you do? - Nothing."

Russian works

  • Apocalipsicheskaya sekta. (Chlysty i skopzy), St. Petersburg 1914
  • Apokalipsis naschego wremeni, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2000
  • Biblejskaja poesija, St. Petersburg 1912
  • Tschernyj ogon, Paris 1991
  • Dekadenty, St. Petersburg 1904
  • Esteticheskoje ponimanije istorii, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and PP Apryschko, Moscow 2009. ISBN 978-5-94668-068-4
  • Ewropa i ewrei, St. Petersburg 1914
  • Italyanskie wpetschatlenija, St. Petersburg 1909
  • Is vostochnych motiwow, 3 booklets, Petrograd 1916f
  • Judaism. Stati i otscherki 1898-1901 gg., Ed. by AN Nikoljukin and PPApryschko, Moscow 2009, ISBN 978-5-94668-065-3
  • Kogda natschalstwo uschlo…, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 1997
  • Krasota w prirode i eja smysl, Moscow 1894
  • Kukcha. Rosanowy pisma, ed. by AM Remisow, New York 2 1978
  • Legenda o Velikom inkwisitore FMDostoewskogo. Literaturnye otscherki, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 1996
  • Listwa. Ujedinennoje. Opawschije listja, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and PP Apryschko, Moscow 2010, ISBN 978-5-94668-072-1
  • Literaturnye isgnanniki. Vol. 1: NN Strachow. KN Leontew, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2001
  • Literaturnye isgnanniki. Vol. 2: PA Florenski. SA Račinski. JN Goworucha-Otrok. WA Mordinova, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and PP Apryschko, Moscow 2010, ISBN 978-5-94668-069-1
  • Literaturnye otscherki, St. Petersburg 2 1902
  • Ljudi lunnogo sweta. Metafisika christianstwa, St. Petersburg 2 1913, Moscow 1990
  • Mimoletnea. Tschernyj ogon, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and VG Golobokow, Moscow 1994
  • Mini jury, foreword and ed. by AN Nikoljukin, Biblioteka moich detej. Russkie mysliteli, Moscow 2004
  • Mysli o literature, introduction, ed. and commentary by AN Nikoljukin, Ljubiteljam rossijskoj slowesnosti. Is literaturnogo nasledija, Moscow 1989
  • Well fundamente proschlogo, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and PP Apryschko, Moscow 2007, ISBN 978-5-94668-053-0
  • Nezovmestimye kontrasty shitija. Literaturno-estetitscheskie raboty rasnych let, introduction by WW Erofeew, commentary by O. Dark, Istorija estetiki w pamjatnikach i dokumentach, Moscow 1990
  • Okolo zerkownych sten, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and VG Golobokow, Moscow 1995
  • Okolo narodnoj duschi, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2003
  • O legend "Velikij inkwisitor", in: O Welikom inkwisitore, ed. by JN Seliverstow, Moscow 1991, 73-183
  • O podrasumewaemom smysle naschej monarchii, St. Petersburg 1912
  • Opawschie listja, 2 vols., St. Petersburg 1913, 1915
  • O pisatelstwe i pisateljach, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and VG Golobokow, Moscow 1995
  • O ponimanii. Opyt issledowanija prirody, graniz i vnutrennjago stroenija nauki, kak zelnago snanija, Moscow 1886, St. Petersburg 1995
  • O Pushkine. Esse i fragmenty, ed., Introduction, commentary and register by WG Sukatsch, Literaturnye isgnanniki, Moscow 1999
  • O sebe i schisni swoej, ed. by WG Sukatsch, Golosa wremen, Moscow 1990
  • Poslednie listja. Wojna 1914 goda i russkoe wosroschdenie, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2000
  • Priroda i istorija. Sbornik statej, St. Petersburg 1900, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-94668-058-5
  • Prisnaki wremeni. Pisma k ASSuworinu, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2006, ISBN 978-5-9265-0307-1
  • Religija, filosofija, kultura, Moscow 1992
  • Religija i kultura. Sbornik statej, ed. by PP Perzow, St. Petersburg 1899, Paris 1979, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-94668-064-6
  • Russkaya Zerkov. Duch. Sudba. Otscharowanie i nitschtoschestvo. Glawnyj wopros, St. Petersburg 1909
  • Russkaja gosudarstwennost i obschtschestvo, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2003
  • Sacharna, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and VG Golobokow, Moscow 1998
  • Semejnyj wopros w Rossii, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2004
  • Smertnoe, St. Petersburg 1913, Literaturnye isgnanniki, Moscow 2004
  • Sredi Khudozhnikov. Italyanskie wpechatlenija, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and WG Golobokow, Moscow 1994
  • Staraja i molodaja Rossija, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2004
  • Sumerki prosweschtschenija, St. Petersburg 1899, ed. by VN Shcherbakov, Moscow 1990
  • Teocentrism. Pole. Christianstwo i socialism. O "Temnom like" Christa. Ob osuschdenii christianstwom roshdenija, ed. by NW Solnzew. In: Russkaja filosofija, Moscow 2001, 301-305
  • Terror protiw russkogo nazionalisma, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2005
  • Uedinennoe, Moscow 1990
  • W mire nejasnogo i nereschennogo. Is vostochnych motivow, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and WG Golobokow, Moscow 1995
  • W naschej smute. Pisma k EF Gollerbachu, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2004
  • W Tschady wojny, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and WN Djaditschew, Moscow 2008, ISBN 978-5-94668-057-8
  • Where dwore yasychnikow, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 1999
  • Wojna 1914 goda i russkoe wosroschdenie, Petrograd 1915 (published November 13, 1914)
  • Vozroschdajushschijsja Egipet. Apokalipsitscheskaja sekta, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljajew, Moscow 2002
  • V temnyh religious luchach. Russkaja Zerkov, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and VG Golobokow, Moscow 1994
  • Sagadki russkoj prowokazii, ed. by AN Nikoljukin and Beljajew, Moscow 2005

German translations

  • Eveline Passet (translation, commentary, afterword): Fallen leaves. Prose. ( The other library , 133) Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 1996 ISBN 3-8218-4133-8
  • "The dark face" - metaphysics of Christianity. Apocalypse of our time . In: Nicolai von Bubnoff (ed. And translator): Russische Religionsphilosophen , Vol. 1: The dark face . Hegner, Cologne 1966, pp. 101-200
  • U. Werner (transl.): The Russian Nile (1907) . In: W. Rosanow, F. Gorenstein, S. Margolina (preface): Farewell to the Volga . Rowohlt, Berlin 1992 ISBN 3-87134-018-9 pp. 23-113
  • J. Melnik (ed.): The Church . In: Russians on Russia . Frankfurt am Main 1906, pp. 180-207
  • Alexandra Ramm (translator): Dostoevsky and his legend of the Grand Inquisitor. To analyze the Dostoevskian worldview . Berlin 1924
  • Felix Philipp Ingold (translator): Thoughts from ambush . Arche nova, Zurich 1971
  • Ulrich Schmid (transl.): Moonlight people . In: Russian religious philosophers of the 20th century . Herder, Freiburg 2003, pp. 70-92
  • Heinrich Andreas Stammler (preface, transl.): Solitaria. Selected writings [Embryos. The real fin de siècle. Solitaria. Blown leaves. The Apocalypse of Our Time]. Diogenes Verlag, detebe-Klassiker 21301, Zurich 1985 ISBN 3-257-21301-8
  • The end of times (from the "Apocalypse of our time") . In: Orient and Occident , Issue 16 / June 1934, pp. 31–36.

See also

literature

  • Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Berdjajew : Christos i mir. Otwet WW Rosanowu (1908). Filosofija twortschestwa, Kultury i iskusstwa, Vol. 2, Moscow 1994, pp. 274-290
  • Nikolai Alexandrowitsch Berdjajew: O "wetschnobabem" w russkoj dusche (1914), Filosofija twortschestwa, Kultury i iskusstwa, vol. 2, Moscow 1994, pp. 290–301 (on Rosanov's book "Wojna 1914 goda i russkoe wosroschdenie")
  • DK Burlaka, WA Fateew (ed.): WW Rosanow: pro et contra. Russkij put, 2 vols., St. Petersburg 1995
  • Anna Lisa Crone: Rosanow and the End of Literature. Polyphony and the Dissolution of Genre in Solitaria and Fallen Leaves (= Colloquium Slavicum 10). Wuerzburg 1978
  • WA Emeljanow: Preodolenie wymysla. O dokumentalno-psichologicheskoj prose V. Rosanova. Astrakhan 2007
  • WA Fateew: S russkoj besdnoj w shower. Schisneopisanie Wassilija Rosanowa, St. Petersburg 2002
  • WA Fateew: W. Rosanow. Schisn, tvochestvo, litschnost. Leningrad 1991
  • Sergej Romanovič Fedjakin: Rosanow. In: MA Maslin, PP Apryschko (ed.): Russkaja filosofija. Moscow 1995, pp. 417-419
  • Ėrich Fedorovič Gollerbach: WW Rosanow: Litschnost i twortschestwo. Petrograd 1922, Schisn i twortschestwo, Paris 1976.
  • Rainer Grübel : At the limits of modernity. Vasilij Rozanovs thinking and writing (= theory and history of literature and the fine arts, vol. 107). Munich 2003 ( online ).
  • Wolfgang Heller:  Rozanov, Vasilij Vasil'evič. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 8, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-053-0 , Sp. 880-883.
  • Felix Philipp Ingold: Experiment on Rozanov. Unpublished typescript, 160 pages with appendix and bibliography, Zurich 1971, Swiss Literature Archive SLA , Felix Philipp Ingold archive, print on demand
  • AW Ivanov, AP Alekseew: Rosanow. In: PW Alekseew (ed.): Filosofy Rossii XIX-XX stoletij. Moscow 2002, pp. 820-822.
  • JN Kolubowski: Rosanow (Wassili Wassiljewitsch). In: Brockhaus-Efron, Enziklopeditscheskij slowar 27/53 (1899), p. 2 f.
  • M. Kurdjumow: O Rosanowe. Paris 1929
  • E. Kurganow, H. Mondry: Wassili Rosanow i ewrei. St. Petersburg 2000
  • Lavrov: Vosvrashchenie Vasily Rosanova. Is istorii russkoj literatury XX v. Nautschnye doklady, St. Petersburg 1997
  • P. Leskovec: Basilio Rozanov e la sua concezione religiosa. Rome 1958
  • Nikolaj Onufrievič Losskij: History of Russian Philosophy. New York 1951, London 1952, 2nd edition New York 1972
  • Nikolaj Onufrievič Losskij: Istorija russkoj filosofii. Moscow 1991, pp. 396-399
  • Aleksandr Nikolaevič Nikoljukin: Nastojaschtschaja magija sloa. WW Rosanow w literature russkogo sarubeschja, Neizwestnyj XX wek. St. Petersburg 2007 ISBN 978-5-94668-043-1
  • Aleksandr Nikolaevič Nikoljukin: Wassili Wassiljewitsch Rosanow. Moscow 1990, Schisn sametschatelnych ljudej 788, Moscow 2001.
  • SN Nosow, WW Rosanow: Estetika swobody, Sudby, otscherki, vospominanija. St. Petersburg 1993
  • Konrad Onasch : The alternative orthodoxy. Utopia and Reality in Russian Lay Christianity in the 19th and 20th Centuries. 14 essays . Schöningh, Paderborn 1993 ISBN 3-506-76179-X pp. 145-160
  • Konrad Onasch:  Rosanow, Wassili Wassiljewitsch. In: Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL). Volume 8, Bautz, Herzberg 1994, ISBN 3-88309-053-0 , Sp. 658-660.
  • WK Pischun, SW Pischun: Religija schisni. W. Rozanowa, Vladivostok 1994
  • R. Poggioli: Rozanov. London 1962
  • T. Rosanova: "Budte swetly duchom". Vospominanija o WW Rosanowe. Sootechestvenniki, Moscow 1999
  • PA Rudnew: Teatralnye vsgljady Wassilija Rosanowa. Moscow 2003
  • JV Sarychev: WW Rosanow. Logika twortscheskogo stanovlenija. Voronezh 2006
  • Ulrich Schmid: Russian religious philosophers of the 20th century . Herder, Freiburg 2003, pp. 61–69 ( online )
  • Bernhard Schultze: Russian thinkers. Your position on Christ, the Church and the papacy. Vienna 1950, pp. 211-227
  • Anton Sergl: literary ethos. Implications of literary nature using the example of the conservative publicist VVRozanov. (= Slavistic contributions, 322) Munich 1994
  • Vera Sergeevna Sinenko: Ideja "Domostroja" w duchownoj sudbe WW Rosanowa. Ufa 2005 ISBN 978-5-87865-338-1
  • Andrej Donatovič Sinjawskij: "Opawschie listja" WW Rosanowa. Paris 1982
  • Viktor Borisovič Schklowski: Rosanow. Petrograd 1922
  • MM Spasowski: WW Rosanow w poslednie gody swoej schisni. Sredi neopublikowannych pisem i rukopisej. 2nd edition, New York 1968
  • Heinrich Andreas Stammler: Vasilij Vasil'evič Rozanov as a philosopher (= lectures and treatises on Slavic Studies, 5). Giessen 1984
  • Viktor Grigorjewitsch Sukatsch: Wassili Wassiljewitsch Rosanow. Biografichesky Otcherk. Bibliografija 1886-2007. Moscow 2008 ISBN 978-5-93006-070-6
  • Irina Ch. Tlif: "Koren roschdenija moego". Stati, archiwnye dukumenty, vospominanija po istorii roda WW Rosanowa. Kostroma 2005.
  • Vasilij Vasilʹevič Zenkowski: Istorija russkoj filosofii. Paris 1948; Moscow 2001, pp. 436-446

Web links

Commons : Vasily Rozanov  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. AW Ivanov: Rosanow, Wassili Wassiljewitsch . In: Filosofy Rossii XIX-XX stoletij , ed. by PW Aleksejew, Moscow 2002, p. 820.
  2. SR Fedjakin: Rozanov . In: Russkaja filosofija , ed. by AN Nikoljukin and PP Apryschko, Moscow 1995, p. 417.
  3. Ulrich Schmid: Russian religious philosophers of the 20th century . Herder, Freiburg 2003, ISBN 3-451-28067-1 , p. 63.
  4. WA Fateew: W. Rozanov: Zhizn, twortschestwo, litschnost . Leningrad 1991, p. 154.
  5. Konrad Onasch: The alternative orthodoxy. Utopia and Reality in Russian Lay Christianity in the 19th and 20th Centuries . Schöningh, Paderborn 1993, ISBN 3-506-76179-X , p. 146.
  6. Ю. В. Зобнин. Дмитрий Мережковский: жизнь и деяния. Москва. - Молодая гвардия. 2008. Жизнь замечательных людей; Вып. 1291 (1091), p. 413.
  7. WW Rosanow: Obonjatelnoe i ossjasatelnoe otnoschenie evreew k krowi , St. Petersburg 1914. In: WW Rosanow: Sacharna . Moscow 1998, pp. 285-289.
  8. WW Rosanow: V sosedstwe Sodoma (Istoki Israilja). "Angel Iegowy" u ewreew (Istoki Israilja) ; Ewropa i ewrei , Nowoe wremja, St. Petersburg 1914, in: WW Rosanow: Wosroschdajuschtschijsja Egipet . Moscow 2002, pp. 457-491.
  9. ^ E. Kurganow, H. Mondry: Wassili Rosanow i ewrei . St. Petersburg 2000.
  10. SR Fedjakin: Rozanov . In: Russkaja filosofija , ed. by MA Maslin and PP Apryschko, Moscow 1995, p. 418.
  11. "The Dark Face" - Metaphysics of Christianity. Apocalypse of our time . In: Nicolai von Bubnoff (ed. And translator): Russische Religionsphilosophen , Vol. 1: The dark face . Hegner, Cologne 1966, pp. 105f.
  12. WA Fateew: W. Rozanov: Zhizn, twortschestwo, litschnost . Leningrad 1991, p. 241.
  13. WA Fateew: W. Rozanov: Zhizn, twortschestwo, litschnost . Leningrad 1991, p. 114. See also WW Rosanow: Wosroschdajuschtschijsja Egipet , ed. by AN Nikoljukin and MM Beljaew, Moscow 2002, p. 7.
  14. Wassili Rosanow: Fallen leaves. Prose . Translated, commented and with an afterword by Eveline Passet. Eichborn, Frankfurt am Main 1996 ISBN 3-8218-4133-8 p. 11
  15. Fits in the translator database of the VdÜ , 2019