Die drilling machine

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A die drilling machine , also known as a rodless die drilling machine, is a tunneling machine used in mining that is used to fully mechanically sink shafts by drilling . The machine got its name because the first attempts at using this machine took place in a blind shaft constructed as a die .

history

In the early 1970s it was planned that the excavation of ground sections employed full-face machines to be used in modified form for fully mechanized production of shafts. In 1971 a Wirth machine was used to create shafts and blind shafts with a diameter of 4.5 to 5 meters. The first die drilling machines were used at the Walsum , Emil Mayrisch and Zollverein mines. In 1977, as part of a research project funded by the Federal Minister for Research and Technology, the technology of blind shaft drilling from solid material was examined. Towards the end of the 1970s, the first shafts with a diameter of seven meters were created with a rodless die drilling machine.

construction

The die drilling machine consists of an outer and an inner part. The outer part is also called the outer kelly. The outer kelly is the machine frame that is clamped to the shaft wall. The outer part consists of the bracing device with shields, several feed cylinders and control cylinders. The inner part is also called the inner kelly and can be moved. The inner kelly carries the drill head and the drill head drive. The drill head is fitted with cutting rollers. Depending on the machine model, it has a diameter of 4.5 to 6.8 meters. Drill heads with a diameter of up to 8.5 meters are also planned. The drill head is operated at a low speed . The speed is a maximum of 6.3 revolutions per minute. The drill head is driven by three or four electric motors , depending on the machine design . The output of each motor is between 75 kilowatts and 110 kilowatts , depending on the machine version. The total connected load of the machine is between 230 and 490 kilowatts, depending on the machine model. So that the machine stays in the shaft axis while drilling, it is equipped with a laser. To assemble the shaft extension, there is an extension platform with removal aid and a material crane above the machine. With this machine structure, the shaft can be drilled without dead times resulting from retracting or pulling the drill head.

How the machine works

The machine can be used in two ways, for drilling on a pilot hole and for drilling from solid. When drilling a pilot hole, a pilot hole with a diameter of one meter is first created. This pilot hole is made by a raise drill. The pilot hole is drilled to the final depth in a pit that has already been built underground . Then an assembly shaft is created with the drill head diameter of the machine. This installation shaft must be at least ten meters deep. Then the pilot hole is enlarged to the required shaft diameter with the die drilling machine. For this purpose, the machine frame by means of the clamping shields against the mountain braced. The drill head is then pushed forward against the bottom of the borehole. The slowly rotating drill head works with high pressure against the bottom of the borehole. As soon as the drill head has drilled a meter, the drilling process is interrupted in order to advance the machine. Then the clamping shields are released and the machine resting on the drill head is lowered by one meter in the shaft. The machine frame is then clamped again and the drilling process starts all over again. The resulting cuttings fall down through the pilot hole. When drilling from solid, the cuttings must be hydraulically conveyed away; additional equipment is required for this. The machine works continuously in the bay in the depth . The machine follows the direction given by a laser beam. The shaft lining is installed above the machine. After the shaft has been drilled, the machine is dismantled again and conveyed away.

Special features and additional equipment when drilling from solid

When drilling from solid, there is a bath of turbidity on the bottom of the borehole. The drill head is rotated in this drill slurry. The cuttings are removed using a hydraulic cuttings pick-up. There is a pipe socket on the drill head for this purpose. The pipe socket rotates together with the drill head, via it the drill slurry mixed with the drill cuttings is sucked out of the bottom of the borehole. This mixture is pumped out via two channel impeller pumps connected in series. The pumps are located on a platform that is carried along. The pumped-out drill sludge is cleaned of cuttings in a water treatment plant, which is combined with a mountain drainage system, and returned to the cycle. These systems are located on the stage that is carried along. Optionally, these systems can also be on the upper floor are situated. The solids separated in the water treatment are conveyed away .

commitment

The machine can be used in stable mountains. The machine can be used to sink shafts to a depth of over 460 meters. Smaller die drilling machines can create depths of up to 250 meters. Shaft diameters of up to 8.5 meters can be created. However, the use of the machine is limited to special cases. Die drilling machines create an average of ten meters of shaft per day. Peak values ​​of up to 20 meters per day can be achieved. The sump is usually sunk conventionally at the end of the drilling work.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b c Walter Bischoff , Heinz Bramann, Westfälische Berggewerkschaftskasse Bochum: The small mining dictionary. 7th edition, Verlag Glückauf GmbH, Essen 1988, ISBN 3-7739-0501-7 .
  2. a b c d e f g h i j Ernst-Ulrich Reuther: Textbook of mining science. First volume, 12th edition, VGE Verlag GmbH, Essen 2010, ISBN 978-3-86797-076-1 .
  3. a b c d e f g Karl H. Brümmer: Current status and future development in the production of shafts with rodless shaft drilling machines. In: Deilmann-Haniel GmbH. (Ed.): Our company, company magazine for the companies of the Deilmann-Haniel Group. No. 38, Druck Lensingdruck (Dortmund), Dortmund December 1984, pp. 12-15
  4. a b c d e f Heinz Zackerzewski: First shaft drilling with a diameter of 7.0 m in Saarland. In: Deilmann-Haniel GmbH. (Ed.): Our company, company magazine for the companies of the Deilmann-Haniel Group. No. 24, Druck Brinck & Co. (Essen), Dortmund December 1979, pp. 13-14
  5. a b c d e f Special investigations for blind shaft drilling from solid . In: Commission of the European Community General Directorate Scientific and Technical Information and Information Management (Ed.): Technical research coal, mechanical propulsion in rock. Contract No. 6220-AB / 1/103 1980, pp. 93-98.
  6. a b c d e f g Heinz M. Hiersig (Ed.): VDI-Lexikon Maschinenbau. VDI-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf 1995, ISBN 9783540621331 .
  7. a b c d Heinz Zackerzewski, Kunibert Unterste: First use of a new shaft drilling machine for blind shaft diameters between 5.0 and 6.5 m on the Ibbenbüren mine. In: Deilmann-Haniel GmbH. (Ed.): Our company, company magazine for the companies of the Deilmann-Haniel Group. No. 21, Druck Hellendoom (Bentheim), Dortmund May 1978, pp. 8-11
  8. a b c Horst Roschlau, Wolfram Heinze, SDAG Wismut (Hrsg.): Knowledge storage mining technology. 1st edition. German publishing house for basic industry, Leipzig 1974, pp. 195–196.