Ghost in the Shell
| Ghost in the Shell | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Original title | 攻殻機動隊 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| transcription | Kōkaku Kidōtai | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| genre | Science fiction , cyberpunk, drama | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Manga | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| country |
 Japan
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| author | Masamune Shirow | |||||||||||||||||||||
| publishing company | Kodansha | |||||||||||||||||||||
| magazine | Young Magazine | |||||||||||||||||||||
| First publication | 1989-1997 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| expenditure | 3 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Animes | ||||||||||||||||||||||
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Ghost in the Shell ( Japanese 攻殻機動隊 , Kōkaku Kidōtai ) is a manga by Masamune Shirow from 1989, which was implemented several times as an anime . The implementation as an anime by Mamoru Oshii from 1995 is, together with Akira, a classic example of a science fiction anime and was largely responsible for the increasing international popularity of anime.
To date, a total of four cinema films, two television series, one television film and another three video games have been released that revolve around the manga or have been developed from it.
action
In 2029, many people are cyborgs who have replaced all or part of their bodies with artificial implants . With the exception of a few cells, even the brain can be replaced by a so-called cyberbrain . Packed in a bio-capsule (the so-called shell ), every cyborg contains human brain cells with their spirit ( ghost ), identity and personality.
Therefore all the more dangerous the emergence of an unknown hacker , which takes its name Puppetmaster (Engl. For puppeteers owes) the fact that he overcome the safety barriers of the shell and can control a ghost with his artificial body. His victims lose their identity and commit crimes for him or his unknown clients.
After he has brought state-sponsored personalities under his control and thus manipulated politics, Section 9 is tasked with the search for the puppet master . But none of the captured people still has memories of their actions.
Major Motoko Kusanagi takes this threat very personally: Through her work for the top-secret Section 9, the problem-solvers of the Ministry of the Interior, she has a state-of-the-art cyborg body with superhuman powers, but her ghost, her identity, her only remaining original part, is not replaceable. Kusanagi searches for the answer to life for himself. For herself, in an artificial body with an artificial brain, she is no longer a real person. But she was convinced she was still one.
As the investigation turns out, the Puppetmaster is a ghost that, for some inexplicable reason, arose from the network itself. He does not have an organic brain that is in a shell or body. Ultimately, Kusanagi finds an answer and is reactivated by Batou in another body as her old shell is destroyed.
Meaning of the title
The Japanese title means broken down: 攻 = attack , 殻 = shell, sleeve; Case , 機動隊 = Mobile task group . The term Ghost was deliberately chosen for the English translation , which means a clear distinction between Spirit and Soul . The term shell is just as striking . The shell is not only the "shell" (here, too, terms that can be used synonymously can be found), but also the "covering". In this play on words, shell can also refer to a text-based user interface (see shell ). The “ghost in the shell” could thus represent an allegory for an artificial, man-made mind in the depths of technology . The mind that every person has is digitized and it is located in an artificially created, cybernetic body. In other words, it is also an " artificial intelligence ". This interpretation can be supported by the numerous allusions to genetics and evolution .
main characters
Motoko Kusanagi
Motoko Kusanagi ( Japanese 草 薙 素 子 , Kusanagi Motoko ) is a woman who has had a completely artificial body since she was a child . At Section 9, she works as a chief of operations at the rank of major and specializes in hand-to-hand combat and hacking . While she initially shows little respect for her superior Aramaki and is generally happy and aggressive in nature, there is also a dispute about whether an artificial body is still a real person at all.
Batou
Batou ( Japanese バ ト ー , Batō ) is a war veteran with a partially manic personality. Its two artificial eyes, which look like attached camera lenses, are particularly striking.
His person is largely identical in all stories. Contrary to his position as a tough fighter, he also has a soft heart. He is the person at Kusanagi's side, with whom she has more in-depth conversations, since they are both practically complete cyborgs. The first season mentions that he previously fought for the United States in South America as a guerrilla soldier.
He always has little preferences. In the first film, for example, he values the conversations with Major Kusanagi. In the sequel he got himself a dog, because Kusanagi is no longer present as a person in his environment at this point. His preference for classic oldtimers is also evident. In the series, he regularly buys exercise equipment, even though he doesn't need to exercise his cyborg body.
In the series, the Tachikoma , the AI-assisted, four-legged battle tanks, grow dear to him . Again, his penchant for cars is highlighted, from today's sports cars that are also classic cars at the time of the act.
Togusa
Togusa ( Japanese ト グ サ ) is a former police officer who works for Section 9 at the beginning. He was taken into the team by Kusanagi to ensure targeted disorder, as he is the only one who has hardly any cybernetic body parts and has a family.
Initially as a beginner who is always protected during operations, his character is constantly developing. In the second film, he determines together with Batou as a partner.
In the series, it develops similarly. After the major leaves the unit after the end of the second season, he takes over her position in the film "Solid State Society". Togusa is often seen as an "unchanged" person, although he has a "cyberbrain" (a cybernetic improved brain). He is therefore (apart from Daisuke Aramaki, who is not a cyborg) the most "natural" member of Section 9.
Daisuke Aramaki
Daisuke Aramaki ( Japanese 荒 巻 大 輔 , Aramaki Daisuke ) is an older man and head of Section 9. He is without a family and lives for his work and for his subordinates.
In the original, he takes Kusanagi's remarks very personally, has a choleric trait, and is not always easy to speak to his subordinates.
In the films and the series, this is not the case because of the different relationship he has with Major Kusanagi. There he is the authority of Section 9 and always tries to protect his people from dangers that arise from the government and secret services in the course of the plot. It is also here that it is known that he has a brother named Jousuke. Daisuke is the only member of Section 9 who is not a cyborg (ie, he has no cybernetic extensions or enhancements in his body).
Fuchikoma, Tachikoma, Uchikoma, and Logicoma
They are spider-like battle tanks with their own AI that appear in different versions.
The Fuchikoma ( フ チ コ マ ) are battle tanks that only appear in the manga. There they provide the basic character traits for the Tachikoma appearing in the series. Its name refers to the mythological horse Ama-no-fuchigoma from Susanoo .
The Tachikoma ( タ チ コ マ ) from the series universe Stand Alone Complex appear neither in the manga nor in the movies. Usually they have a light blue color, after the interim retirement or in cyberspace also individual colors. They address some of the supposed errors of their powerful AI, which motivate them to discuss and philosophize among themselves, to think about life and death and to question their actual role as a “killing machine”. Major Kusanagi observes this with suspicion. After a tachikoma breaks out of curiosity from Section 9 and moves through the city, they are decommissioned. However, by sacrificing Batou, they prove that they have to be more than just flawed developments. After their AI is destroyed at the end of 2nd GIG, they will be replaced by the Uchikoma at Section 9. Motoko Kusanagi herself uses a backup of her AI with her own ghost to help her uncover the Solid State Society . In the course of this story they will get their old bodies back.
The Uchikoma ( ウ チ コ マ ) are the olive-green successors of the Tachikoma and no longer seem to be equipped with their "overflowing" AI. They appear for the first time in the last episode of the second season and are also present in the later television film. In the German version, however, they were also referred to as Tachikoma.
The Logicoma are the red predecessors of the Tachikoma that appear in Arise . They behave similarly to the tachikoma.
Puppetmaster
He is the antagonist of Motoko Kusanagi, who appears by name in the basic plot of the first manga, the first feature film and the television film Solid State Society . All of the stories are about a ghost or a life form that lives on the network. It is not clear whether it is an artificial intelligence or a randomly created consciousness.
Even if the circumstances differ in the manga, the cinema film and the television film, Major Kusanagi always enters into a connection in the end, which also has different effects in the result.
Publications
The basis is provided by the manga by Masamune Shirow. He was in charge of the sequel to Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence and the first two seasons of the television series Stand Alone Complex .
Both the manga and the movies and television production take place in different universes. Character traits and drawings are very different in the various publications. The mood also differs from sometimes comedic passages in the manga, through the philosophical portrayal of the films, to an action-oriented science fiction series. In addition to the original manga, the franchise is divided into three incarnations, each of which forms a consistent canon. With the corresponding major works these are:
- Films by Mamoru Oshii
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Stand Alone Complex
- Stand Alone Complex (26-part television series)
- Stand Alone Complex 2nd GIG (26-part TV series)
- Solid State Society (feature film)
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Arise
- Ghost in the Shell: Arise (OVA, 5 episodes)
- Ghost in the Shell: The New Movie (Movie)
There are also various extras and new editions, as well as adaptations as video games, novels and other mangas.
Manga
The individual chapters first appeared in Japan with Young Magazine . The German translation is based on the American version and is published by Egmont Manga .
Ghost in the Shell
The basic manga was published from May 1989 to November 1990 with a total of eleven chapters, which is also the basis for the movie.
It tells the creation of Section 9 with some orders before the Puppetmaster takes action. Section 9 encounters an international conspiracy and Major Kusanagi is brought to justice after an unsuccessful mission and her body is destroyed while escaping. However, your shell will be kept safe by Batou for use in a new body. In an unobserved and defenseless state, the Puppetmaster comes into contact with your shell.
It was first published in Germany in 1996 by Feest Comics, which now appears under Egmont Manga . It is published today in three volumes with the titles “Volume 1: The Scrap Jungle” , “Volume 2: The Robot Rebellion” and “Volume 3: Brain Drain” . All international publications lack a double-page spread with pornographic content, which at Masamune Shirow's request was only printed in the original version and is contained in the art book 'Intron Depot'.
Ghost in the Shell 1.5 - Human Error Processor
It is a collection of 4 short stories that were published in Young Magazine between 1991 and 1996 and were combined under this title in 2003 as an anthology. In Germany it was published in 2005 as a hardcover with a CD-ROM . On this, the manga was available again (this time in the Japanese original) in digital form, partly animated and highlighted with sound effects.
Ghost in the Shell 2 - Manmachine Interface
The edition appeared in 2000 initially as a limited special edition in hardcover, an action figure by Motoko Kusanagi, as well as a hardcover edition of the original manga. A year later it was published regularly and contained 24 additional pages that were not available in the limited version. The German publication took place in 2002 in softcover and as a limited hardcover edition. The limited version contained a mousepad in the format of the book, as well as two double pages in the original state, which were only printed in a revised form in the book itself.
The manga consists of six chapters published in eleven editions. Most of it is colored and not just the first pages of each chapter, as usual. The division into eleven parts as well as the coloring were adopted for the German edition.
The story is about one of the incarnations of Motoko Kusanagi, named Motoko Aramaki, who was created through the events in the original series and how it encounters her other copies. Section 9 and any original main characters play no role in the story.
cinemamovies
Ghost in the Shell
The film was made under the direction of Mamoru Oshii, who very strongly emphasized the philosophical aspects of the story in its implementation. The music was composed by Kenji Kawai . It was premiered in Japan in 1995 and largely adheres to the specifications of the manga. The film was released on video in Germany on November 15, 1996. With the first German release on DVD in 2005, the film received a new synchronization with the same speakers from the TV series and the sequel.
The film received the greatest recognition internationally. It is referred to as the template for the first part of the Matrix trilogy, whose creators, Lana and Lilly Wachowski , were inspired by the film.
Ghost in the Shell 2.0
In Ghost in the Shell 2.0 is a remastering (version 2.0) of the first film , which was published in the year of 2008. For this purpose, the majority of the animations were digitally recreated or upgraded as CGI . The soundtrack by Kenji Kawai was also remixed to 6.1 channels and the soundscape adapted to that of Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence . In the course of this, the Japanese version also received a new synchronization.
The film was released in Japan on July 12, 2008 in selected cinemas in five cities and was released there on December 19, 2008 on DVD and Blu-Ray; the film was released in German on DVD and Blu-ray at the end of January 2015.
Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence
The sequel to Ghost in the Shell or Ghost in the Shell 2.0, also by Mamoru Oshii, was shown in Japanese cinemas from March 6, 2004 and was first released in Germany on July 31, 2005 on DVD.
The main characters in the film are Batou and Togusa, who investigate a case of murderous sex dolls , androids without a human brain. In the programming of the dolls, they encounter a cry for help that raises the suspicion that these are human memories.
In contrast to the previous film, the plot is not based on a manga, but was written especially for it by director Mamoru Oshii.
Ghost in the Shell - Arise
In 2013 the film series Ghost in the Shell - Arise started a new edition that is independent of the previous films. Kazuchika Kise directed the script , Tow Ubukata wrote the script and Cornelius wrote the music . The speakers were also exchanged.
The series consists of four parts ( called border ), each about an hour long, of which the first, Ghost Pain , was released in Japanese cinemas on June 22, 2013. The second part, Ghost Whispers , was released on November 30, 2013, the third part, Ghost Tears , was released on June 28, 2014, and the fourth part, Ghost Stands Alone , was released on September 6, 2014.
From April 5, 2015, an adaptation as an anime television series called Ghost in the Shell: Arise - Alternative Architecture began, which consists of the four parts plus one more, as a transition to the film Ghost in the Shell: The New announced for June 2015 Movie should serve.
Since March 31, 2017, the German dubbed version of the first two parts, border: 1 Ghost Pain and border: 2 Ghost Whispers , has been available from Universum Film GmbH on DVD and Blu-ray under the label Universum Anime. The other parts border: 3 Ghost Tears and border: 4 Ghost Stands Alone have been available since May 26, 2017. border: 5 Pyrophoric Cult since July 28, 2017 and the film sequel The New Movie since September 29, 2017.
Ghost in the Shell: The New Movie
On June 20, 2015, Ghost in the Shell: The New Movie ( Japanese 攻殻機動隊 新 劇場版 , Kōkaku Kidōtai Shin Gekijōban ) was released in Japanese cinemas. The plot of the film is based on Arise and to better explain the overflow from Arise to The New Movie , the additional border: 5 Pyrophoric Cult was produced for the TV broadcast of Arise .
Ghost in the Shell (real film)
On March 30, 2017, the real-life version of the first Ghost in the Shell anime was released in German cinemas, directed by Rupert Sanders . The leading roles were cast by Scarlett Johansson , Pilou Asbæk , Michael Pitt , Takeshi Kitano , Ng Chin Han , Lasarus Ratuere and Juliette Binoche .
TV Shows
The series was heavily influenced by Kenji Kamiyama , who directed both seasons and the television movie. The idea and the plot come from him and Masamune Shirow, the music was composed by Yoko Kanno . The series is also not linked to the plot of the manga or the films.
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex
The first season of the television series was produced from 2002 to 2003 and aired in Japan. It comprises 26 episodes with several individual stories, as well as a cross-episode plot that deals with the "fall of the laughing man". This was also edited as a film and released as Original Video Animation (OVA) with the title "The Laughing Man" on DVD.
Ghost in the Shell: SAC 2nd GIG
The second season was created from 2004 to 2005. As in the first season, there are also several individual episodes, but there are two storylines that deal with the opaque antagonist "Kazundo Gouda" and the "Independent Elf". As in the first season, the story of "Individual Eleven" was also released as a film on DVD.
TV movie
Ghost in the Shell: SAC Solid State Society
The television film takes place two years after the end of the second season. In terms of content, the story of the puppet master is taken up again, reinterpreted and integrated into the series universe.
Video games
Ghost in the Shell
The content of the first game is based on the first film and the manga. It is an action game that focuses on fighting the running tanks Fuchikoma. The Fuchikoma in the game are reminiscent of the Tachikoma from Stand Alone Complex rather than the running tank at the end of the first film because they can walk to the side of houses and otherwise steer themselves very agile . The game was released on July 17, 1997 for the PlayStation in Japan and was released on November 3, 1997 in North America and on July 1, 1998 in Europe.
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex
The second published game takes place between the 1st GIG and 2nd GIG seasons of the Stand Alone Complex series . The game is a third-person shooter released for the Playstation 2 on March 4, 2004 in Japan, November 8, 2004 in North America, and May 6 in the PAL region . It was also released for the PlayStation Portable in 2005 .
Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex - First Assault Online
On February 14, 2013 an article was published on golem.de , in which a new game, Stand Alone Complex Online , was announced in addition to Arise . The game is a first person shooter set in the world of Stand Alone Complex . It was developed by the Korean studio Neople Inc., a subsidiary of Nexon . It was originally supposed to be released for the PC in 2014, but has been postponed to 2016. The release took place on July 28, 2016, but the game was discontinued in late 2017.
literature
- Thomas Schnellbächer: People and Society in Oshii Mamorus Ghost in the Shell - Technical Gimmick or Committed Visions of the Future? In: Nachrichten der Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens / Hamburg , vol. 77, no. 1, 2007, pp. 69–96.
Individual evidence
- ^ Ghost in the Shell 2: Innocence. Anime News Network, accessed January 6, 2010 .
- ↑ Innocence: Ghost in the Shell 2 - Staff & Cast. Production IG, accessed January 6, 2010 .
- ↑ Ghost in the Shell - ARISE: border: 1 + 2 BD - film, DVD, Blu-ray, trailer, scenes. Retrieved June 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Ghost in the Shell - ARISE: border: 3 + 4 BD - film, DVD, Blu-ray, trailer, scenes. Retrieved June 10, 2018 .
- ↑ Ghost in the Shell - The New Movie - Film, DVD, Blu-ray, trailer, set images. Retrieved June 10, 2018 .
- ^ Ghost in the Shell in the Internet Movie Database
- ↑ Article on Stand Alone Complex Online on Golem.de. Golem.de, February 14, 2013, accessed on February 14, 2013 .
- ↑ Steam Community Forum: First Assault Closure. steamcommunity.com, August 21, 2017, accessed November 19, 2018 .
Web links
- Anime News Network on the Manga
| cinemamovies |
Ghost in the Shell (1995) • Ghost in the Shell 2 - Innocence (2004) • Ghost in the Shell 2.0 (2008) • Ghost in the Shell (real film, 2017) |
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| OVA |
Ghost in the Shell: Arise (2013-2014) |
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| Television series |
Stand Alone Complex (2002-2003) • ( Episodes ) • SAC 2nd GIG (2004-2005) • ( Episodes ) • Ghost in the Shell: Arise - Alternative Architecture (2015) |
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| TV movie |
Solid State Society (2006) |
